id,fieldname,text
1,story-title,Ex-prime minister of Iraq
1,story-subtitle,Ayad Allawi
1,story-image-if-linked-person,
1,story-narrative,"Mossack Fonseca supplied his 1985 Panama-registered company I.M.F. Holdings Inc. with people who stood in for Allawi as directors. He was listed as the sole shareholder in 2000. Until its dissolution in 2013, I.M.F. owned a house in Kingston upon Thames, England . As of April 2013 the property appeared under the name of Allawi and had an estimated value of about $1.5 million . Allawi’s other offshore company, Moonlight Estates Limited, also held a property in London on his behalf . Documents for this BVI-registered entity identify the source of funds as personal savings."
1,story-narrative-summary,Firms created in Panama held property in London
1,story-biography,"Ayad Allawi, a secular Shiite born to privilege, was active in Iraq’s ruling Baath Party until 1971, when he settled in London where he developed ties with both the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and Britain’s M16 . In exile, he opposed Saddam Hussein, helped found an opposition party and survived a 1978 assassination attempt, which was widely believed to have been ordered by Hussein. Returning to Iraq, he was named prime minister in 2004 after the American-led coalition ended Hussein’s rule. Allawi has been active in Iraqi politics since, serving as vice president from 2014 until August, 2015 ."
1,story-category-code,0
1,story-priority,4
1,story-region-codes,6; 5; 4
1,story-country-1-code,IRQ
1,story-country-1-name,Iraq
1,story-country-2-code,GBR
1,story-country-2-name,United Kingdom
1,story-document-1-title,One of Allawi's properties
1,story-document-2-title,Register of directors for Moonlight
1,story-document-3-title,Dissolution of I.M.F. Holdings
1,story-document-4-title,Consent to act as director
1,story-document-5-title,Ayad Allawi's passport
1,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2771443-Allawi-Ayaddoc1.html
1,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774271-Allawi-Ayaddoc2.html
1,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774276-Allawi-Ayaddoc3.html
1,story-document-4-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774307-Allawi-Ayaddoc4.html
1,story-document-5-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774285-Allawi-Ayaddoc5.html
1,data-person-1-name,Ayad Allawi
1,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Vice-President of Iraq (2014-2015); Interim Prime Minister of Iraq (2004-2005)
1,data-person-1-relationship,
1,data-person-1-image,A_Allawi.png
1,data-person-1-viz-publish,45747ce9
1,data-person-1-comment,"Allawi's media office confirmed that he ""is the sole director and shareholder of Foxwood Estates Limited, Moonlight Estates Limited and IMF Holdings Inc."" The email noted that IMF was established to own residential property purchased with Allawi's personal assets based on security and legal advice ""in light of an assassination attempt on him."" It also said that ""any income generated in the United Kingdom from the properties owned by the companies has been properly accounted for"" and ""taxes have been paid promptly and on time."""
2,story-title,President of Ukraine
2,story-subtitle,Petro Poroshenko
2,story-image-if-linked-person,
2,story-narrative,"In August 2014, as Russian troops rolled into Eastern Ukraine, Poroshenko became the sole shareholder of Prime Asset Partners Limited, which Mossack Fonseca set up in the British Virgin Islands. A Cyprus law firm representing the newly acquired company described it as a “holding company of Cyprus and Ukrainian companies of the Roshen Group, one of the largest European manufacturers of confectionery products.” The firm wrote that, though Prime Assets Partners was for “a person involved in politics,” it had “nothing to do with his political activities."" During his 2015 presidential campaign, Poroshenko had pledged to sell most of his assets, all of which were transferred to Prime Assets Capital, according to a news account. In October 2014, a Ukrainian bank in which Poroshenko owns a majority stake, International Invest Bank, wrote a reference letter to Mossack Fonseca saying that his accounts there “have been conducted properly up to our satisfaction.”"
2,story-narrative-summary,Offshore firm holds assets including a European candy manufacturer
2,story-biography,"Petro Poroshenko, Ukraine’s billionaire “chocolate king,” whose corporate empire includes automotive plants, a shipyard, a TV channel and the country’s largest candy company, won the presidential election of 2014 by a landslide, a result widely attributed to his political acumen. Poroshenko has adroitly shifted his political affiliations over the years and avoided being tainted by Ukraine’s long line of corrupt leaders and oligarchs. Although he vowed to oppose the oligarchs and “prevent the inappropriate influence of private interests on the state,” critics are still waiting for him to deliver. A supporter of the 2004 pro-Europe, pro-democracy Orange Revolution, he also has positioned himself as a nationalist who could pursue peaceful relations with Russia."
2,story-category-code,0
2,story-priority,12
2,story-region-codes,4
2,story-country-1-code,UKR
2,story-country-1-name,Ukraine
2,story-document-1-title,Share register for Prime Asset
2,story-document-2-title,Poroshenko's passport
2,story-document-3-title,Memorandum of sole director
2,story-document-4-title,
2,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2765536-Poroshenko-Petrodoc1.html
2,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2771394-Poroshenko-Petrodoc2.html
2,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2765538-Poroshenko-Petrodoc3.html
2,story-document-4-url,
2,data-person-1-name,Petro Poroshenko
2,data-person-1-description-if-politician,President of Ukraine (2014-present); Economic Development and Trade Minister (2012)
2,data-person-1-relationship,
2,data-person-1-image,P_Poroshenko.png
2,data-person-1-viz-publish,c2b5aa82
2,data-person-1-comment,"A spokesman for Poroshenko said that creation of the trust and related corporate structures had no relation to political and military events in Ukraine. Although Poroshenko didn't include Prime Asset Partners in his financial disclosures, his financial advisers noted that neither Prime Asset Partners nor two related companies in Cyprus and the Netherlands hold assets. They said that the company was part of a corporate restructuring to help sell the Roshen group. The structure is in line with ""the market practice in Ukraine for businesses aiming to sell to strategic investors or to enter the capital markets, launch IPO, etc.,"" the advisers wrote. Although Poroshenko is the shareholder, his shares are managed by a licensed asset management company, and his assets have been held by an independently managed fund, Prime Asset Capital, since 2005, the advisers said. Those assets will be transferred to a ""blind trust"" once legal formalities are completed, according to the advisers."
3,story-title,Son of former United Nations secretary general
3,story-subtitle,Kojo Annan
3,story-image-if-linked-person,Annan_Story.png
3,story-narrative,"Kojo Annan was sole director of the Samoan company Sapphire Holding Ltd, originally incorporated in Niue in 2003, which he had used to buy an apartment in central London. The apartment was purchased in a transaction completed in 2003 for more than $500,000, according to U.K. records. Sapphire Holding used unnamed shareholders until 2015 when Kojo Annan became a listed shareholder with a Ghana address. Mossack Fonseca continued to communicate with Annan at the central London address, Argyll Mansions, into 2015. Kojo Annan was also a joint shareholder and director of two British Virgin Islands companies incorporated in 2002 ."
3,story-narrative-summary,"Offshore used to buy $500,000 London apartment"
3,story-biography,"Kojo Annan is the only son of former United Nations secretary general, Kofi Annan, who served from 1997 to 2006. The Swiss company Cotecna hired Kojo Annan in 1995 for work in Nigeria. By early 1998, he had quit to become a consultant to Cotecna. Months later, the United Nations awarded the firm a contract as part of Oil-for-Food humanitarian program in Iraq, prompting allegations of impropriety. An independent panel investigated the program, including Kojo Annan, and issued a report in 2005 that found no evidence that he tried to influence or to use family connections to benefit from the program. Kojo Annan and Cotecna have consistently denied allegations of wrongdoing."
3,story-category-code,3
3,story-priority,66
3,story-region-codes,3
3,story-country-1-code,GHA
3,story-country-1-name,Ghana
3,story-document-1-title,Sapphire Holding approves purchase of London property
3,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782973-Annan-Kojodoc1re.html
3,data-person-1-name,Kojo Annan
3,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
3,data-person-1-relationship,Son
3,data-person-1-image,K_Annan.png
3,data-person-1-viz-publish,78077c17
3,data-person-1-comment,"A lawyer for Annan responded that his companies ""operate in accordance with the laws and regulations of the relevant jurisdictions and, insofar tax liabilities arise, they pay taxes in the jurisdictions in which taxes are due to be paid. In other words, any entity and account held by Mr. Annan has been opened solely for normal, legal purposes of managing family and business matters and has been fully disclosed in accordance with applicable laws."" He also noted that an investigation found no evidence that Annan tried to influence anyone in the UN to award contracts to any company with which he was associated."
3,linked-person-name,Kofi Annan
3,linked-person-description,Secretary-General of the United Nations (1997-2006)
3,linked-person-image,Kofi_Annan.png
3,linked-person-association,R
3,linked-person-association-text,Kojo Annan
4,story-title,Former government minister in France
4,story-subtitle,Jérôme Cahuzac
4,story-image-if-linked-person,
4,story-narrative,"Jérôme Cahuzac was the owner of a Seychelles company, Cerman Group Limited, incorporated in 2009 and connected to a bank account. Two other offshore companies served as Cerman Group’s director and shareholder. Documents appear to show that Cahuzac's ownership of the account was disclosed to Mossack Fonseca at the time French authorities were investigating allegations of tax fraud by Cahuzac in 2013. When Seychelles authorities questioned Mossack Fonseca about the account, the company asked for more information about Cerman Group from the firm that had originally asked to create it. That information revealed Cahuzac's involvement. Mossack Fonseca told Seychelles authorities in May 3, 2013, that they were discontinuing their business relationship with Cerman Group because of its connection to the French politician, who was a high risk “Politically Exposed Person”. Cerman Group Limited was inactivated in January 2015."
4,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company held bank account for minister accused of tax fraud
4,story-biography,"The lies told by Jérôme Cahuzac in 2013 triggered one of the most spectacular downfalls of a public official in the annals of French scandals. As a government minister waging a campaign against tax evasion, Cahuzac was forced to admit he lied to President François Hollande, former colleagues in Parliament and the French people when he repeatedly denied owning foreign bank accounts. He said he stashed over $750,000 in a Swiss bank account for 20 years, moving the money to Singapore in 2009. His ex-wife disclosed an account opened in Great Britain in 1997. Cahuzac, who made a fortune as a cosmetic surgeon, resigned his ministry post and awaits trial for tax fraud."
4,story-category-code,2
4,story-priority,42
4,story-region-codes,4
4,story-country-1-code,FRA
4,story-country-1-name,France
4,story-document-1-title,Letter to Financial Intelligence Group
4,story-document-2-title,Cahuzac's ID
4,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2777888-Cahuzac-Jeromedoc1.html
4,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2777889-Cahuzac-Jeromedoc2.html
4,data-person-1-name,Jérôme Cahuzac
4,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"Budget minister at the Ministry of the Economy, Finance and External Trade (2012-2013); Deputy, National Assembly of France (1997-2002, 2007-2012)"
4,data-person-1-relationship,
4,data-person-1-image,J_Cahuzac.png
4,data-person-1-viz-publish,77c55dda
4,data-person-1-comment,"Cahuzac's lawyer told ICIJ partner Le Monde that his client is reserving his explanation for his trial, which is scheduled for September 2016. The former minister's supporters have maintained that he was not responsible for financial structures created by his financial advisers."
5,story-title,Member of British Parliament
5,story-subtitle,Michael Mates
5,story-image-if-linked-person,
5,story-narrative,"Mates' parliamentary financial disclosures listed him as chairman of Haylandale Limited from April 2005 to at least April 2010, when he stepped down from his parliamentary seat for the constituency of East Hampshire. The company, created in the Bahamas in 2003 and dissolved in 2013, was established to invest in property development in the Caribbean archipelago. Michael Mates became minority shareholder of Haylandale Limited in January 2005. Additionally, Haylandale owned four subsidiary firms from August 2007 to December 2008 that provided leasing and other services connected to luxury properties in the Bahamas."
5,story-narrative-summary,Offshore companies used for real estate development in the Caribbean
5,story-biography,"Michael Mates is a Conservative Party politician who served in Parliament from 1974 until May 2010, when he chose not to run for re-election. He was a minister at the Northern Ireland Office from 1992-1993 but resigned after his reputation suffered from his support for failed businessman Asil Nadir, who was accused of financial wrong-doing. During the investigation, Mates sent Nadir a watch inscribed, “Don’t let the buggers get you down.” Nadir was convicted in August 2012 of stealing nearly $46 million, generating headlines just as Mates was campaigning for police commissioner in Hampshire. Mates lost the election."
5,story-category-code,2
5,story-priority,54
5,story-region-codes,4
5,story-country-1-code,GBR
5,story-country-1-name,United Kingdom
5,story-document-1-title,Shareholder of Haylandale Limited since 2005
5,story-document-2-title,Chairman - 2010 declaration of financial interests
5,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2780926-Mates-Michaeldoc1.html
5,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2777847-Mates-Michaeldoc2.html
5,data-person-1-name,Michael Mates
5,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"Member, British Parliament (1974-2010)"
5,data-person-1-relationship,
5,data-person-1-image,M_Mates.png
5,data-person-1-viz-publish,fb706ef9
5,data-person-1-comment,"Mates said the company was established to create a leisure development in Barbuda, an island that is part of the East Caribbean state of Antigua and Barbuda. He said a friend asked him to become chairman and that his advice had been sought on issues including how to deal with the government of Antigua, which owned the land. He said he had not and would not receive any remuneration ""unless and until the development took place, nor were the shares of any value,"" as the company ""never had any real value."""
6,story-title,Former king of Spain's sister
6,story-subtitle,Pilar de Borbón
6,story-image-if-linked-person,Borbon_Story.png
6,story-narrative,"In August 1974, Pilar de Borbón became president and director of the Panama-registered company Delantera Financiera SA. Mossack Fonseca files revealed that on the same date her husband, Luis Gómez-Acebo, also assumed the role of secretary-treasurer and director of the company. The firm originally had been registered in Panama in May 1969. As of March 1993, neither of them appeared, nor did they ever again, as directors. Since that year, the intermediary representing the undisclosed owner of the company was Madrid-based Gómez-Acebo & Pombo Abogados, a law firm founded by Pilar de Borbón's brother-in-law Ignacio Gómez-Acebo. Before that, London-based Timothy Lloyd had represented the company. In 1993, Lloyd indicated that Pilar de Borbón was the owner of Delantera Financiera SA. Pilar de Borbón's son Bruno Alejandro Gómez-Acebo Borbón became director and treasurer of the company from July 2006 until its dissolution in June 2014."
6,story-narrative-summary,Family's involvement with the offshore company dates to the 1970s
6,story-biography,"As older sister of former Spanish King Juan Carlos, Pilar de Borbón has parlayed her royal status as Infanta of Spain and Duchess of Badajoz to raise money for charity and pursue her lifelong interest in horses. A former competitive rider of horses trained for fox hunts, she headed the International Equestrian Foundation and served on the International Olympic Committee, helping to block efforts to drop equestrian sports from the 2012 Olympics. She also has managed her family’s business investments; raised money for Nuevo Futuro, a charity for homeless children; and spent two years as president of Europa Nostra, a coalition devoted to protecting Europe’s cultural heritage."
6,story-category-code,1
6,story-priority,27
6,story-region-codes,4
6,story-country-1-code,ESP
6,story-country-1-name,Spain
6,story-document-1-title,Forwarding correspondence authorization
6,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2765543-Borbon-Pilardoc2.html
6,story-corrections,
6,story-updates,"Response updated on April 8, 2016."
6,data-person-1-name,Pilar de Borbón
6,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
6,data-person-1-relationship,Sister
6,data-person-1-image,P_De_Borbon.png
6,data-person-1-viz-publish,fb7f4be3
6,data-person-1-comment,"De Borbón did not respond to ICIJ's repeated requests for comment prior to publication. On April 6, Pilar de Borbón responded in a public statement to Spanish media that she and her husband owned a company in Panama between 1974 and 2014. She said the firm had no revenues “outside the control of local tax authorities” and that it had complied with “any obligation requested by Spanish tax legislation.”"
6,linked-person-name,Juan Carlos I of Spain
6,linked-person-description,King of Spain (1975-2014); Crown Prince of Spain (1969-1975)
6,linked-person-image,King_Juan_Carlos.png
6,linked-person-association,R
6,linked-person-association-text,Pilar de Borbón
7,story-title,Former prime minister of Georgia
7,story-subtitle,Bidzina Ivanishvili
7,story-image-if-linked-person,
7,story-narrative,"Bidzina Ivanishvili was owner of Lynden Management Ltd., a company based in the British Virgin Islands. In 2011, the BVI Financial Investigation Agency asked Mossack Fonseca for information about the company's ownership and activities. Mossack Fonseca's Singapore office confirmed then that Ivanishvili was a beneficiary  of a trust set up by Credit Suisse, and Lynden Management's activity was to hold assets. Two years later, Mossack Fonseca BVI identified Ivanishvili as a Politically Exposed Person and asked its Singapore office for documents proving Ivanishvili's identity and the source of funds for Lynden Management. Singapore was unable to obtain them and later asked if their client, Credit Suisse, could instead ""carry out reduced due diligence"" on Lynden Management as the bank was ""a regulated trust company"" and had ""many companies with Mossack."""
7,story-narrative-summary,British Virgin Island authorities wanted information on the offshore company
7,story-biography,"Although he served barely 13 months as prime minister, billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili left an indelible mark on Georgia history. After 20 years in Russia, where he made a fortune in the metals and banking industries, Ivanishvili returned to Georgia in 2003 and became known as a reclusive philanthropist and collector of fine art and exotic animals. In 2011, he turned his growing displeasure with the government into political activism. He ultimately led a coalition called the Georgian Dream to a stunning victory in the 2012 parliamentary election and took the job of prime minister. Ivanishvili resigned voluntarily after his party won the 2013 presidential election but continued to wield power behind the scenes. In March 2016, lawyers acting on behalf of Ivanishvili filed a complaint with Geneva prosecutors against Credit Suisse Group AG after Ivanishvili alleged he was victim of fraud by a former employee of Credit Suisse."
7,story-category-code,0
7,story-priority,2
7,story-region-codes,6
7,story-country-1-code,GEO
7,story-country-1-name,Georgia
7,story-document-1-title,Mossack Fonseca response to Financial Investigation Agency
7,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2771505-Ivanishvili-Bidzinadoc1.html
7,data-person-1-name,Bidzina Ivanishvili
7,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Prime minister of Georgia (2012-2013)
7,data-person-1-relationship,
7,data-person-1-image,B_Ivanishvili.png
7,data-person-1-viz-publish,3d6fe362
7,data-person-1-comment,"A Swiss law firm representing Ivanishvili said that he is ""willing to be transparent"" about his use of offshore companies and that banks like Credit Suisse ""systematically"" propose offshore companies to their clients though it may not serve the client's interest."
8,story-title,Head of national oil company
8,story-subtitle,Bruno Jean-Richard Itoua
8,story-image-if-linked-person,
8,story-narrative,"Bruno Jean-Richard Itoua had power of attorney to represent two offshore companies in 2004, while he was energy adviser to the President of the Republic of Congo and CEO of SNPC, the Congolese national oil company. The companies, Denvest Capital Strategies Inc., based in the British Virgin Islands, and Grafin Associated SA, based in Panama, had previously issued unregistered shares which belong to the person who physically holds them. The companies became inactive in 2006 and 2007 respectively, according to Mossack Fonseca's records."
8,story-narrative-summary,Held offshore companies when in charge of energy and the national oil company
8,story-biography,"Bruno Jean-Richard Itoua rose to power in the Republic of Congo through his family’s close association with President Denis Sassou-Nguesso, first serving as the president’s hydrocarbons adviser, then becoming head of the national oil company (SNPC) in 1998. Itoua was implicated in a massive diversion of company funds that came to light in 2003. A lawsuit two years later by one of Congo’s creditors accused Itoua and the SNPC of conspiring to ""divert oil revenues ... into the pockets of powerful Congolese public officials.”  After a U.S. federal appeals court ruled in 2007 that American courts did not have jurisdiction over the suit against the SNPC because it was a government agency, the creditor did not pursue its case against Itoua."
8,story-category-code,2
8,story-priority,58
8,story-region-codes,3
8,story-country-1-code,COG
8,story-country-1-name,Congo
8,story-document-1-title,Power of attorney for Denvest
8,story-document-2-title,Power of attorney for Grafin
8,story-document-3-title,Itoua's passport
8,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2765588-Itoua-Brunodoc1.html
8,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2771524-Itoua-Brunodoc2.html
8,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2777823-Itoua-Brunodoc3.html
8,data-person-1-name,Bruno Jean-Richard Itoua
8,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Minister of Energy and Hydraulics (2005-2011); Minister of Scientific Research and Technical Innovation (2011-present)
8,data-person-1-relationship,
8,data-person-1-image,B_Itoua.png
8,data-person-1-viz-publish,8ab6fd85
8,data-person-1-comment,Itoua declined to respond to a request for comment from ICIJ and Le Monde.
9,story-title,Wife of Spain's agriculture minister
9,story-subtitle,Micaela Domecq Solís-Beaumont
9,story-image-if-linked-person,Domecq_Story.png
9,story-narrative,"Micaela Domecq Solís-Beaumont was empowered to approve transactions of Rinconada Investments Group SA, a Panama company registered in 2005 which was in existence while her husband Miguel Arias Cañete held public positions in Spain and the European Union. She was listed as authorized signatory together with members of her Spanish aristocratic Domecq family. Six siblings were also connected to Rinconada Investments Group.  Deutsche Bank Geneva and Swiss-based financial services company Gestrust SA helped the Domecqs to create Rinconada Investments Group with the support of Mossack Fonseca. The company was listed by Mossack Fonseca as inactive in January 2010."
9,story-narrative-summary,Offshore firm was active when her husband held political posts
9,story-biography,"For Micaela Domecq Solís-Beaumont, whose family breeds bulls for epic life-and-death battles against Spanish matadors, marrying career politician Miguel Arias Cañete has been good for business. Her husband, now the European Union’s climate action commissioner, served on the European Parliament’s agriculture committee for many years before becoming Spain’s agriculture minister in 2000 and again in 2011. He urged expansion of EU agriculture subsidies to cover bull breeding. During his time in the ministry, his wife’s world-renowned Jandilla bull operations, managed by their two sons, Pablo and Juan Pedro, and co-owned by her siblings, received well over $1 million in farm subsidies. Her other farm, forestry and winery businesses also received EU subsidies."
9,story-category-code,3
9,story-priority,72
9,story-region-codes,4
9,story-country-1-code,ESP
9,story-country-1-name,Spain
9,story-country-2-code,BEL
9,story-country-2-name,Belgium
9,story-document-1-title,Rinconada Investments opens bank accounts with Domecq as authorized signatory
9,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778431-Domecq-Micaeladoc1.html
9,data-person-1-name,Micaela Domecq Solís-Beaumont
9,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
9,data-person-1-relationship,Wife
9,data-person-1-image,M_Domecq_Solis-Beaumont.png
9,data-person-1-viz-publish,1bd58b77
9,data-person-1-comment,"A lawyer for Domecq said that she had declared all of her income and assets to Spanish tax authorities. The lawyer said Rinconada is not active and that Domecq has no power or attorney and is not ""an authorized signatory for the company. ""A member of cabinet of Arias Cañete replied to the request for comment, saying that since his 1978 marriage to Domecq Beaumont that each spouses assets at the time of the marriage and after that ""belong and are administered separately, according to Spain's Civil Code."" He said that Arias Cañete's declarations were in full compliance with the Code of Conduct for members of the European Parliament in the area of economic interests and conflicts of interest and also in compliance with the Code of Conduct for commissioners in the European Commission. He also said that the company had no activity for several years before he took office as a member of the European Parliament."
9,linked-person-name,Miguel Arias Cañete
9,linked-person-description,"European Commissioner for Climate Action and Energy (2014-present); Spain's Minister for Agriculture, Food and Environment (2011-2014)"
9,linked-person-image,M_Arias_Canete.png
9,linked-person-association,A
9,linked-person-association-text,Micaela Domecq Solís-Beaumont
10,story-title,Former Rwanda intelligence chief
10,story-subtitle,Emmanuel Ndahiro
10,story-image-if-linked-person,
10,story-narrative,"Emmanuel Ndahiro became a director of British Virgin Islands company Debden Investments Limited in September 1998, the same year in which Ndahiro regularly appeared in international news as a spokesman of the Rwandan army. Debden reportedly owned a jet aircraft. At the time of his appointment, Ndahiro's listed address was a building in a commercial section of a West London neighborhood. Hatari Sekoko, a former soldier with the Rwandan Patriotic Front and now a major business executive, was the company’s owner. The company was deactivated in 2010."
10,story-narrative-summary,Director in offshore company owned by an army colleague
10,story-biography,"Brig. Gen. Emmanuel Ndahiro is a confidant of Rwandan President Paul Kagame, having served as the president’s physician, security adviser and spokesman.He also served as military spokesman when Kagame was minister of defense from 1994-2000. Ndahiro led Rwanda’s National Intelligence and Security Services from 2004-2011. In 2015, Kagame promoted him to brigadier general."
10,story-category-code,2
10,story-priority,60
10,story-region-codes,3
10,story-country-1-code,RWA
10,story-country-1-name,Rwanda
10,story-document-1-title,Ndahiro is appointed a director.
10,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778397-Ndahiro-Emmanueldoc1.html
10,data-person-1-name,Emmanuel Ndahiro
10,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Brigadier General (2015-present); Chief of the intelligence agency in Rwanda (2004-2011)
10,data-person-1-relationship,
10,data-person-1-image,E_Ndahiro.png
10,data-person-1-viz-publish,7bd6ba22
10,data-person-1-comment,Ndahiro and Sekoko did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
11,story-title,"Member, DRC parliament"
11,story-subtitle,Jaynet Désirée Kabila Kyungu
11,story-image-if-linked-person,
11,story-narrative,"Keratsu Holding Limited was incorporated in Niue on June 19, 2001, a few months after Kabila’s brother became president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Jaynet Désirée Kabila Kyungu appeared as co-director with Congolese businessman Kalume Nyembwe Feruzi. Kabila is reportedly close to Feruzi, whose father was a confidant of Kabila’s father Laurent Desire Kabila, according to respected magazine Africa Confidential. Feruzi has also worked for the Laurent Desire Kabila Foundationof which she is president. The DRC company Keratsu Holding Ltd has owned stakes in one of the DRC’s major mobile phone operators."
11,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company has holding in Congo's wireless communications business
11,story-biography,"Jaynet Désirée Kabila Kyungu is the twin sister of Joseph Kabila, the president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Famed for secrecy and meticulousness, she was elected to parliament in November 2011 and took office in February 2012. Kabila is the president of the Laurent Desire Kabila Foundation, named after her father, and owner of Digital Congo, a television, Internet and radio conglomerate. In 2015, Jeune Afrique reported that Kabila had become “the most influential person in the president’s entourage.”"
11,story-category-code,2
11,story-priority,34
11,story-region-codes,3
11,story-country-1-code,COD
11,story-country-1-name,"Congo, The Democratic Republic of the"
11,story-document-1-title,Request for company restoration aplication
11,story-document-2-title,Confirmation of Keratsu Holding incorporation
11,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778169-Kyungu-Jaynetdoc1.html
11,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782966-Kyungu-Jaynetdoc2.html
11,data-person-1-name,Jaynet Désirée Kabila Kyungu
11,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"Member of Parliament, Democratic Republic of the Congo (2012-present)"
11,data-person-1-relationship,
11,data-person-1-image,J_Kyungu.png
11,data-person-1-viz-publish,c1a12c57
11,data-person-1-comment,Kgyungu Kabila did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
12,story-title,Former head of Peruvian intelligence
12,story-subtitle,César Almeyda
12,story-image-if-linked-person,
12,story-narrative,"In 2004 employees of Mossack Fonseca realized via a newspaper article that César Almeyda was a public official working for Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo. The story linked Almeyda to a corruption case and a company registered by Mossack Fonsecca. As a consequence, Mossack Fonseca resigned from representing the firm. According to Mossack Fonseca internal communications, Trei Investments Corp.was incorporated in Panama in 1999, but never paid its fees nor had any activity . The former head of Peru's intelligence agency was director and secretary of the firm from just after its creation, which dated back to when he worked as a lawyer. He appeared as the main contact for the business. In 2000 the company was sold, but Almeyda remained as a director. Though Mossack Fonseca resigned as the company's agent, the company showed up as active in the Public Registry of Panama in December 2015 with César Almeyda as one of its directors."
12,story-narrative-summary,Links to corruption case led Mossack Fonseca to resign as the offshore company's agent
12,story-biography,"César Almeyda is a former lawyer and adviser to Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo. He served as his head of intelligence for three months in 2003. Later he was embroiled in scandals, including one resulting from an audiotape in which he was said to be discussing bribing judges with a fugitive Army general who was wanted on charges of corruption. He later served nearly 34 months in prison in that case. He was released in 2006, then sentenced to another four years in 2007 on related charges, at least part of which he served under house arrest. Questions arose in 2010 about whether Almeyda had bank accounts in overseas tax havens, prompting him to issue a firm denial and assert that investigators in 2004 found no such overseas accounts."
12,story-category-code,2
12,story-priority,37
12,story-region-codes,2
12,story-country-1-code,PER
12,story-country-1-name,Peru
12,story-document-1-title,Almeyda firm was Mossack Fonseca's contact for Trei Investments Corp
12,story-document-2-title,"Almeyda, director and secretary of Trei Investments Corp."
12,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778181-Almeyda-Cesardoc1.html
12,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778173-Almeyda-Cesardoc2.html
12,data-person-1-name,César Almeyda
12,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"Head of Peru’s National Intelligence Council (Consejo Nacional de Inteligencia, the nation’s intelligence agency) (2003); President, National Institute for the Defense of Competition and Protection of Intellectual Property (Indecopi) (2002-2003)"
12,data-person-1-relationship,
12,data-person-1-image,C_Almeyda.png
12,data-person-1-viz-publish,ff9bbc4d
12,data-person-1-comment,"Despite repeated attempts, ICIJ was unable to locate either Almeyda or an email or other address or phone number for him."
13,story-title,Son of Ghana's former president
13,story-subtitle,John Addo Kufuor
13,story-image-if-linked-person,Kufuor_Story.png
13,story-narrative,"In early 2001, shortly after the start of his father’s first presidential term, Kufuor appointed Mossack Fonseca to manage The Excel 2000 Trust. Later that year, it controlled a bank account in Panama worth $75,000. His mother - Theresa Kufuor, then-Ghana’s first lady - was also a beneficiary. In November 2010, an employee in Mossack Fonseca's compliance office in the British Virgin Islands suggested to colleagues that “due to the apparent prevalence of corruption surrounding Mr. Kufour we would not recommend us taking him on as a client or continuing business with him.” Mossack Fonseca, however, continued to do business with Kufuor. In 2012, Kufuor asked Mossack Fonseca to close the trust. Files also connected Kufuor with BVI companies Fordiant Ltd and Stamford International Investments Group Limited. Both were registered when Kufuor’s father was president of Ghana and became inactive in 2004 and 2007."
13,story-narrative-summary,"His offshore company controlled a $75,000 bank account for Kufour and his mother"
13,story-biography,"John Addo Kufuor is the eldest son of Ghana’s former president, John Agyekum Kufuor, who led the country from 2001 to 2009. A trained accountant, the younger Kufuor has worked in the hotel industry. Throughout 2005, local media in Ghana reported allegations that he gained lucrative government contracts and private sector business deals through paternal connections. An official commission later found no evidence of wrongdoing."
13,story-category-code,1
13,story-priority,23
13,story-region-codes,3
13,story-country-1-code,GHA
13,story-country-1-name,Ghana
13,story-document-1-title,The Excel 2000 Trust – bank account
13,story-document-2-title,Deed of Termination
13,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778185-Kuffuor-Johndoc1.html
13,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782965-Kuffuor-Johndoc2.html
13,data-person-1-name,John Addo Kufuor
13,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
13,data-person-1-relationship,Son
13,data-person-1-image,S_Man.png
13,data-person-1-viz-publish,25dc6764
13,data-person-1-comment,Kufuor did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
13,linked-person-name,John Agyekum Kufuor
13,linked-person-description,President of Ghana (2001-2009)
13,linked-person-image,J_Kufuor.png
13,linked-person-association,R
13,linked-person-association-text,John Addo Kufuor
14,story-title,Father of British prime minister
14,story-subtitle,Ian Cameron
14,story-image-if-linked-person,Cameron_Story.png
14,story-narrative,"Cameron helped create and develop Blairmore Holdings Inc. in Panama in 1982 and was involved in the investment fund until his 2010 death. Although Cameron didn't appear as director of Blairmore until 1989, a 2006 prospectus said he ""was instrumental in the formation of Blairmore Holdings Inc. in the early 1980s."" In July 1998, the fund was valued at nearly $20 million. Promotional literature noted the fund was “not liable to taxation on its income or capital gains” and that the fund ""will not be subject to United Kingdom corporation tax or income tax on its profits."" Blairmore used a large amount of bearer shares –unregistered shares that belong to anyone who physically holds the share certificates– until 2006."
14,story-narrative-summary,Offshore investment firm highlighted to investors that it was managed to avoid taxes
14,story-biography,"Ian Cameron, who died in 2010, is the father of British Prime Minister David Cameron. Born with severely deformed legs, he underwent multiple surgeries but managed to pursue amateur sports and made his fortune as a stockbroker and investor. He became senior partner in brokerage Panmure Gordon, as his father and grandfather had been before him."
14,story-category-code,1
14,story-priority,19
14,story-region-codes,4
14,story-country-1-code,GBR
14,story-country-1-name,United Kingdom
14,story-document-1-title,"Cameron, director of Blairmore Holdings in 1989"
14,story-document-2-title,"2006 prospectus, Cameron was ""instrumental to the formation of"" the fund"
14,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2780378-Cameron-Iandoc1.html
14,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2780370-Cameron-Iandoc2.html
14,story-updates,"Response updated on April 8, 2016."
14,data-person-1-name,Ian Cameron
14,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
14,data-person-1-relationship,Father
14,data-person-1-image,I_Cameron.png
14,data-person-1-viz-publish,73a3d17d
14,data-person-1-comment,"Ian Cameron died on Sept. 8, 2010. David Cameron did not respond to a request for comment by ICIJ partner The Guardian prior to publication. On April 7, Cameron admitted in an interview with ITV, that he profited from his late father’s offshore investment fund. He said he sold his stake in the Blairmore fund for more than $50,000 in January 2010, just four months before entering Downing Street. Cameron said he and his wife held 5,000 shares in the Blairmore from 1997 to 2010."
14,linked-person-name,David Cameron
14,linked-person-description,United Kingdom's Prime Minister (2010-present); Leader of the Conservative Opposition (2005-2010); Member of the British Parliament (2001- present)
14,linked-person-image,D_Cameron.png
14,linked-person-association,R
14,linked-person-association-text,Ian Cameron
15,story-title,Widow of Guinea's former dictator
15,story-subtitle,Mamadie Touré
15,story-image-if-linked-person,Toure_Story.png
15,story-narrative,"Touré was granted the power of attorney to Matinda Partners and Co. Ltd, a British Virgin Islands company, in November 2006. That same year, she began a relationship with a mining company that U.S. authorities alleged had paid her $5.3 million to help it win a disputed mining concession from her husband, then-President Lansana Conté, shortly before he died in late 2008. Investigators said Matinda was a conduit for much of the money paid to Touré. Touré, who is cooperating with U.S. authorities as part of an ongoing probe, has admitted to receiving bribes in order to influence her husband. She used a stand-in shareholder, Beneficence Foundation, and a Swiss company as the foundation’s manager, which reduced public connections between Matinda and Touré. The company ceased to operate on 30 April 2010."
15,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company timing coincides with disputed award of a mining contract by her late husband
15,story-biography,"Mamadie Touré is the widow of Lansana Conté, the former dictator and president of Guinea. U.S. authorities allege that Touré received $5.3 million in bribes to help a mining company obtain rights to the world’s richest iron ore deposit. In 2014, U.S. authorities raided Touré’s Florida home, seizing properties, restaurant equipment and an ice cream cooler collectively worth more than $1 million."
15,story-category-code,1
15,story-priority,30
15,story-region-codes,3
15,story-country-1-code,GIN
15,story-country-1-name,Guinea
15,story-document-1-title,Power of attorney
15,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778364-Toure-Mamadiedoc1.html
15,data-person-1-name,Mamadie Touré
15,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
15,data-person-1-relationship,Wife
15,data-person-1-image,M_Toure.png
15,data-person-1-viz-publish,81255cc5
15,data-person-1-comment,Touré did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
15,linked-person-name,Lansana Conté
15,linked-person-description,President of Guinea (1984-2008)
15,linked-person-image,L_Conte.png
15,linked-person-association,R
15,linked-person-association-text,Mamadie Touré
16,story-title,Advised former Greek prime minister
16,story-subtitle,Stavros Papastavrou
16,story-image-if-linked-person,
16,story-narrative,"From 2005 to 2014 Papastavrou was a member of the councils of the Panamanian foundations Green Shamrock Foundation and Diman Foundation. In 2006, he became the deputy chairman of Aisios Foundation, which still exists today."
16,story-narrative-summary,Involved in multiple offshore foundations
16,story-biography,"Not long after Antonis Samaras came to power in the June 2012 Greek elections, Stavros Papastavrou, a lawyer and longtime Nea Demokratia party operative found himself working for the new prime minister as deputy chief of staff for European and international affairs. While his job initially seemed ill-defined, Papastavrou ended up becoming Samaras’ chief negotiator with the European Union, the International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank over the Greek bailout. Meanwhile, a tax-evasion probe turned up an undeclared bank deposit of about $5.4 million in an HSBC Swiss bank account with Papastavrou’s name on it. He denied the money was his, but paid a $3.6 million fine on Feb. 2, 2016, to settle charges of tax evasion and money laundering. He has vowed to prove that the fine was unjust and have it revoked."
16,story-category-code,2
16,story-priority,33
16,story-region-codes,4
16,story-country-1-code,GRC
16,story-country-1-name,Greece
16,story-document-1-title,Incorporation documents for Diman
16,story-document-2-title,Dissolution of Diman
16,story-document-3-title,Incorporation documents for Green Shamrock
16,story-document-4-title,Dissolution of Green Shamrock
16,story-document-5-title,Incorporation documents for Aisios
16,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782805-Papastavrou-Stavrosdoc1.html
16,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778373-Papastavrou-Stavrosdoc2.html
16,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782807-Papastavrou-Stavrosdoc3.html
16,story-document-4-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778381-Papastavrou-Stavrosdoc4.html
16,story-document-5-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778382-Papastavrou-Stavrosdoc5.html
16,story-corrections,"The amount of a deposit with HSBC Swiss bank as first published was incorrectly described as $6.9 million. The correct amount is $5.4 million. Updated on April 8, 2016."
16,story-updates,
16,data-person-1-name,Stavros Papastavrou
16,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"Deputy Chief of Staff for European and International Affairs, Office of Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras (2012-2015); International Affairs Secretary of the Nea Demokratia (New Democracy) political party (2004-2015)"
16,data-person-1-relationship,
16,data-person-1-image,S_Papastavrou.png
16,data-person-1-viz-publish,5c81e389
16,data-person-1-comment,"Initially Papastavrou said he didn't remember the foundations but later said his records showed him as having served as a member of the councils of the Green Shamrock, Diman and Aisios foundations. He said he did so ""for two long term family friends"" and received no compensation. He said he had ""no ownership interest in these entities of any kind"" and ""was under no obligation"" to declare them to tax authorities. He later wrote that the councils were meant to be active only if a foundation's founder died, which ""never happened"" for any of the three. A law firm speaking on behalf of the owner of the Aisios foundation wrote that Papastavrou resigned in 2012 and never had a ""right to the foundation's assets and never received any remuneration."""
17,story-title,Former Zambia ambassador to the United States
17,story-subtitle,Attan Shansonga
17,story-image-if-linked-person,
17,story-narrative,"In 1998, Shansonga became a director of Starflight Ventures Limited, Stacey Investment Holdings Ltd and Debden Investments Limited. The activities of these companies were not revealed. In 2005, Mossack Fonseca received court documents because it was the agent for Hearnville Estates Ltd., a British Virgin Islands-based company named as one of 20 defendants, including Shansonga himself, in a corruption case that the Zambian government pursued in an English court. The company, incorporated in 1998, was allegedly used to purchase apartments in Lusaka with money looted from the Zambian state."
17,story-narrative-summary,One offshore company was accused of looting the Zambian state
17,story-biography,"Attan Shansonga, ambassador of Zambia to the United States between 2000 and 2002, was arrested in the Zambian capital of Lusaka in 2002 amid an investigation into the diversion of millions of dollars out of Zambia when President Frederik Chiluba’s was in office. Shansonga fled Zambia in 2004 and, two years later, was accused by the Zambian government of receiving “misappropriated monies” and using offshore accounts to launder the loot. In 2007, an English civil court held that Shansonga served as a conduit for $1.3 million to President Chiluba's spy chief, who lavished state money on five-star hotels, Swiss watches, Hermes products and a visit to Legoland. Following the ruling, Zambia reportedly recovered ""significant sums of money from him."" Attempts by the Zambian government to extradite Shansonga have failed."
17,story-category-code,2
17,story-priority,61
17,story-region-codes,3
17,story-country-1-code,ZMB
17,story-country-1-name,Zambia
17,story-document-1-title,Court documents naming Shansonga and others as defendants
17,story-document-2-title,Bearer share documents
17,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2781405-Shansonga-Attandoc1.html
17,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782974-Shansonga-Attandoc2r.html
17,story-corrections,
17,story-updates,"Updated on April 4, 2016 when Shansonga's lawyer contacted ICIJ with a statement on Shansonga’s behalf."
17,data-person-1-name,Attan Shansonga
17,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Former Zambian ambassador to the U.S. (2000-2002)
17,data-person-1-relationship,
17,data-person-1-image,S_Man.png
17,data-person-1-viz-publish,daec1a25
17,data-person-1-comment,"Shansonga did not respond to repeated requests for comment prior to publication. Following publication, Shansonga communicated through a lawyer in Denmark. Shansonga said he was not in government until June 2000 and was therefore not required to declare interest in any business activity. Shansonga said he knows nothing about Hearnville Estate Limited. He also said matters involving him have been discontinued, that he never fled Zambia and that media reports are false. Shansonga was not accused of money laundering and the civil matter was appealed and settled, according to the statement conveyed by the lawyer."
18,story-title,Nephew of South African president
18,story-subtitle,Clive Khulubuse Zuma
18,story-image-if-linked-person,Zuma_Story.png
18,story-narrative,"Zuma was authorized to represent Caprikat Limited, one of two offshore companies that controversially acquired oil fields in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In late summer 2010, as published reports raised questions about the acquisition, British Virgin Islands authorities ordered Mossack Fonseca to provide background information on Zuma, which the law firm had not previously obtained. That same year, Mossack Fonseca decided to end its relationship with the companies. Zuma and representatives of the companies have rejected allegations of wrongdoing and claimed the oil deals are ""quite attractive"" to the DRC government."
18,story-narrative-summary,Offshore firm was accused of questionable oil field deals
18,story-biography,"Clive Khulubuse Zuma is a nephew of South Africa’s president Jacob Zuma. A mining magnate, Khulubuse Zuma has reportedly enjoyed a lifestyle of cigars and up to 19 collectible cars. In June 2015, a South African court found Zuma liable as chairman in the collapse of a gold mining company that led to more than 5,000 job losses. In court submissions, Zuma denied responsibility for the company's failure."
18,story-category-code,1
18,story-priority,29
18,story-region-codes,3
18,story-country-1-code,ZAF
18,story-country-1-name,South Africa
18,story-document-1-title,BVI Financial Investigation Agency letter
18,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778386-Zuma-Khulubusedoc1.html
18,data-person-1-name,Clive Khulubuse Zuma
18,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
18,data-person-1-relationship,Nephew
18,data-person-1-image,C_Zuma.png
18,data-person-1-viz-publish,1f2fa273
18,data-person-1-comment,"A spokesman for Fleurette, the owner of the two companies, told that ""the DRC benefits hugely"" from ""investment and long-term commitment"" and noted ""extensive benefits to local communities."" Zuma did not respond to repeated requests for comment."
18,linked-person-name,Jacob Zuma
18,linked-person-description,President of South Africa (2009-present)
18,linked-person-image,J_Zuma.png
18,linked-person-association,R
18,linked-person-association-text,Clive Khulubuse Zuma
19,story-title,Children of Pakistan's prime minister
19,story-subtitle,"Mariam Safdar, Hasan and Hussain Nawaz Sharif"
19,story-image-if-linked-person,Sharif_Story.png
19,story-narrative,"Three children of former and current Pakistan's Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif – Mariam, Hasan and Hussain– were owners or had the right to authorize transactions for several companies. Daughter Mariam Safdar was the owner of British Virgin Islands-based firms Nielsen Enterprises Limited and Nescoll Limited, incorporated in 1994 and 1993. Sharif's first term as prime minister ended in 1993. The companies owned ""a UK property each for use by the family"" of the companies' owners. Hussain and Mariam signed a document dated June 2007 that was part of a series of transactions in which Deutsche Bank Geneva lent up to $13.8 million to Nescoll, Nielsen and another company, with their London properties as collateral.In July 2014, the two companies were transferred to another agent. Mossack Fonseca knew that Mariam Safdar was Nawaz Sharif's daughter, a ""Politically Exposed Person,"" and committed to checking her activities twice a year beginning in July 2012. Hasan Nawaz Sharif was the sole director of Hangon Property Holdings Limited incorporated in the British Virgin Islands in February 2007. The Liberia-based firm Cascon Holdings Establishment Limited was a shareholder of Hangon. Later in the year, Cascon transferred shares in Hangon Property Holdings Limited to Hasan Nawaz Sharif for about $11.2 million. Mossack Fonseca resigned as agent for Hangon because Hasan Nawaz Sharif was a ""Politically Exposed Person."""
19,story-narrative-summary,Offshore companies owned United Kingdom properties
19,story-biography,"Controversy has long engulfed Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s family, including three of his four children – Mariam, Hasan and Hussain – over their riches from a network of businesses that include steel, sugar and paper mills and extensive international property holdings. At various times, depending on the political party in power, the Sharifs – one of Pakistan’s richest families – have been accused of corruption, ownership of illegal assets, tax avoidance and money laundering. Mariam, Hussain and their father have been detained on such charges, exiled to Saudi Arabia and also acquitted. When allegations first surfaced in 2000, a family member called them ""completely wrong,"" and declared: ""This is a very religious family."" Hasan, who moved to London over 16 years ago, and Hussain have been running family businesses from abroad. Mariam reportedly is being groomed to take over leadership of her father’s political party."
19,story-category-code,1
19,story-priority,22
19,story-region-codes,6; 4
19,story-country-1-code,PAK
19,story-country-1-name,Pakistan
19,story-country-2-code,GBR
19,story-country-2-name,United Kingdom
19,story-document-1-title,"Mariam Safdar, beneficial owner of two offshore companies"
19,story-document-2-title,Mortgage signed by Mariam and Hussain Sharif
19,story-document-3-title,Company transferred shares were worth £5.5 millions to Hasan Sharif
19,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2781439-Sharif-familydoc1.html
19,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779712-Sharif-familydoc2.html
19,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2771796-Sharif-familydoc5.html
19,story-corrections,
19,story-updates,"Hasan and Hussain Nawaz Sharif's visualizations were updated on April 21, 2016.<br/><br/>Clarification: In a previous version it was incorrectly stated that Hangon Property Holdings Limited acquired Cascon Holdings Establishment Limited for $11.2 million. Hangon Property Holdings did not acquire Cascon Holdings. Rather, Cascon Holdings owned shares in Hangon Property Holdings. Hasan Nawaz Sharif bought shares of Hangon from Cascon for about $11.2 million. The information was updated on May 28, 2016."
19,data-person-1-name,Mariam Safdar
19,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
19,data-person-1-relationship,Daughter
19,data-person-1-image,M_Safdar.png
19,data-person-1-viz-publish,b9772e91
19,data-person-1-comment,Sharif's daughter and sons did not respond to repeated requests for comments.
19,data-person-2-name,Hasan Nawaz Sharif
19,data-person-2-description-if-politician,
19,data-person-2-relationship,Son
19,data-person-2-image,Hasan_N_Sharif.png
19,data-person-2-viz-publish,1ae1747b
19,data-person-2-comment,
19,data-person-3-name,Hussain Nawaz Sharif
19,data-person-3-description-if-politician,
19,data-person-3-relationship,Son
19,data-person-3-image,H_N_Sharif.png
19,data-person-3-viz-publish,61d526ca
19,data-person-3-comment,
19,linked-person-name,Nawaz Sharif
19,linked-person-description,Prime Minister of Pakistan (1990-1993) (1997-1999) (2013-present)
19,linked-person-image,N_Sharif.png
19,linked-person-association,R
19,linked-person-association-text,"Mariam Safdar, Hasan and Hussain Nawaz Sharif"
20,story-title,Son of former Egyptian president
20,story-subtitle,Alaa Mubarak
20,story-image-if-linked-person,Mubarak_Story.png
20,story-narrative,"Alaa Mubarak owned the British Virgin Islands firm Pan World Investments Inc., managed by Credit Suisse. In 2011, the year in which his father resigned the Egyptian presidency and was arrested along with Alaa and another son, BVI authorities told Mossack Fonseca to freeze Pan World's assets, an order prompted by a European Union law. In 2013, Mossack Fonseca was fined $37,500 for failing to properly check into Alaa Mubarak, ""a high risk customer."" Internally, Mossack Fonseca admitted its procedures were ""seriously flawed"" as Mubarak hadn't been identified early enough. Credit Suisse, however, wrote Mossack Fonseca that Pan World's activities – ""one investment with HIG Venture Fund"" and a cash account with the bank – did not contravene Switzerland's freeze on Mubarak's assets. In 2014, a second BVI agency started investigating Mossack Fonseca and Pan World. Company employees admitted internally that they could be found ""in further breaches."" Noting they had ""very little control"" over Mubarak's company, they resigned as its agent in April 2015."
20,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company triggered investigations by financial authorities
20,story-biography,"Alaa Mubarak is a wealthy Egyptian businessman and the eldest son of ousted former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. Alaa Mubarak, his brother Gamal and father were detained in April 2011, two months after Hosni Mubarak resigned the presidency in the face of a popular uprising. The men were sentenced in May 2015 to three years in jail for embezzling millions of dollars in state funds intended for the renovation of palaces. A Cairo criminal court released Alaa and his brother in October 2015, acknowledging the time they served in jail since their arrests. The brothers still face trial on charges of insider trading. Their father remains in custody in a military hospital."
20,story-category-code,1
20,story-priority,20
20,story-region-codes,3
20,story-country-1-code,EGY
20,story-country-1-name,Egypt
20,story-document-1-title,Passport of Alaa Mubarak
20,story-document-2-title,BVI Financial Services Commission freezes the family's assets
20,story-document-3-title,Mossack Fonseca letter to Financial Investigation Agency
20,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779795-Mubarak-Alaadoc1.html
20,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2771789-Mubarak-Alaadoc2.html
20,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778387-Mubarak-Alaadoc3.html
20,data-person-1-name,Alaa Mubarak
20,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
20,data-person-1-relationship,Son
20,data-person-1-image,A_Mubarak.png
20,data-person-1-viz-publish,c52c6975
20,data-person-1-comment,Mubarak did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
20,linked-person-name,Hosni Mubarak
20,linked-person-description,President of Egypt (1981-2011)
20,linked-person-image,H_Mubarak.png
20,linked-person-association,R
20,linked-person-association-text,Alaa Mubarak
21,story-title,Former prime minister of Qatar
21,story-subtitle,Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani
21,story-image-if-linked-person,
21,story-narrative,"In 2002 , Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani acquired a company in the British Virgin Islands and three additional companies in the Bahamas. Through these companies, Al Thani held shares and mooring spaces in the Spanish port of Palma, Mallorca, and managed his super-yacht, the $300 million Al Mirqab.  Al Thani took over management of these companies in 2004,  dissolving them a few years later. In 2011, when Qatar started investing in Luxembourg companies, Al Thani acquired four Panamanian companies to hold bank accounts in the Grand Duchy, two of which he owned with the then-Emir of Qatar, Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, according to documents from July 2013."
21,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company used to manage $300 million yacht
21,story-biography,"For six years, Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani held three high-profile positions as Qatar’s prime minister, foreign minister and head of the Qatar Investment Authority, one of the world’s richest sovereign wealth funds. His appointment as prime minister in 2007 solidified his position as the go-to person for matters ranging from wars in Syria and Afghanistan to corporate mergers and other business deals. The billionaire sheikh, whom Time magazine selected as one of the world’s 100 most influential people in 2012, stepped down from his positions after a new emir took over in 2013 but never relinquished his brash style and reputation for aggressive deal-making."
21,story-category-code,0
21,story-priority,6
21,story-region-codes,5; 6
21,story-country-1-code,QAT
21,story-country-1-name,Qatar
21,story-document-1-title,Al Thani's passport
21,story-document-2-title,Share certificate for Rienne
21,story-document-3-title,Yalis S.A. board meeting
21,story-document-4-title,Share certificate for Yalis
21,story-document-5-title,
21,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778398-Al-Thani-Hamaddoc1.html
21,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778406-Al-Thani-Hamaddoc3.html
21,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2771778-Al-Thani-Hamaddoc4.html
21,story-document-4-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778408-Al-Thani-Hamaddoc5.html
21,story-document-5-url,
21,data-person-1-name,Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani
21,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Prime Minister of Qatar (2007-2013); Foreign Minister of Qatar (1992-2013)
21,data-person-1-relationship,
21,data-person-1-image,H_Al_Thani.png
21,data-person-1-viz-publish,3e6598d4
21,data-person-1-comment,"An attorney for Al Thani said in a phone interview that he doesn't ""have the right"" to answer questions posed because he is ""bound by professional secrecy."""
22,story-title,Confidant to Palestinian Authority president
22,story-subtitle,Mohammad Mustafa
22,story-image-if-linked-person,
22,story-narrative,"Mustafa has been a director of the Arab Palestinian Investment (Holding) Company Ltd. (APIC Holding) since March 2006. Founded in the British Virgin Islands in 1994, APIC Holding is the parent corporation of the similarly named Arab Palestinian Investment Company (APIC), which Saudi and Palestinian businessmen created the same year to channel ""funds and investments from the Arab World to Palestine."" A year before he joined APIC Holding, Mustafa became CEO of the Palestine Investment Fund, one of APIC Holding's numerous shareholders. In July 2013, the directors of APIC Holding changed its legal status to a public limited company and in March 2014, APIC started trading on the Palestine Exchange."
22,story-narrative-summary,Offshore investment company sent funds from Arab countries to Palestine
22,story-biography,"Mohammad Mustafa, chairman of the Palestine Investment Fund, has been a close confidant to Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas since Hamas took over the Gaza strip in 2007. A former senior official of the World Bank, Mustafa joined the Palestinian government in 2013 when he became deputy prime minister for economic affairs. A year later, he held two titles – deputy prime minister and minister of national economy – until he resigned in March 2015. At the time of his resignation, Mustafa was in charge of reconstruction of Gaza after a 50-day war in the summer of 2014. Foreign Policy magazine called him “the most important man in the Palestinian economy."""
22,story-category-code,2
22,story-priority,31
22,story-region-codes,5; 6
22,story-country-1-code,PSE
22,story-country-1-name,"Palestine, State of"
22,story-country-2-code,JOR
22,story-country-2-name,Jordan
22,story-document-1-title,Mostafa's passport
22,story-document-2-title,Consent to act as director
22,story-document-3-title,
22,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778416-Mustafa-Mohammaddoc1.html
22,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778420-Mustafa-Mohammaddoc2.html
22,story-document-3-url,
22,data-person-1-name,Mohammad Mustafa
22,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Palestinian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of National Economy (2014-2015); Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs (2013-2014)
22,data-person-1-relationship,
22,data-person-1-image,M_Mustafa.png
22,data-person-1-viz-publish,0dae973f
22,data-person-1-comment,"Mustafa confirmed that since 2006 he has been a member of the board of the publicly traded Arab Palestinian Investment Co., where he represents the shares of the Palestine Investment Fund. He resigned as a director when he joined the Palestinian government, which he left in 2015. Then he rejoined in February, 2016. He noted that all his mandates ""are cleared with all competent authorities in accordance to the applicable laws in Palestine."""
23,story-title,Convicted former Ukraine prime minister
23,story-subtitle,Pavlo Lazarenko
23,story-image-if-linked-person,
23,story-narrative,"Lazarenko and his offshore firms have been a target of law enforcement investigations, going back to 1998, when British Virgin Islands police served three search warrants on Mossack Fonseca. Two sought information on Metalsrussia Corp Ltd. and Southeast Asia Metal Limited, naming Lazarenko and Yulia Tymoshenko, who would later become Ukraine’s president, and her husband in the warrants. A third sought information concerning ""an investigation into Criminal Offences involving misappropriation of state or public property and forgery in respect of Bainfield Company Ltd."" and additional information on Bassington Ltd. Lazarenko was a shareholder in both, dating back to the mid-1990s. Lazarenko was convicted of money laundering in Switzerland in June 2000 and convicted of money laundering in the United States in 2004 and sentenced to nine years in prison, later reduced to 97 months. U.S. authorities are still seeking $250 million from his offshore accounts."
23,story-narrative-summary,Offshore companies were subjects of multiple corruption investigations
23,story-biography,"Once named one of the world's 10 most corrupt politicians by Transparency International, Pavlo Lazarenko spent eight years under house arrest and in prison in the United States after his 2004 conviction for money laundering and conspiracy.  Prosecutors said he stole at least $200 million when he controlled much of the Ukraine's economy, especially lucrative natural gas contracts,  and laundered $114 million through U.S. banks. About a year after his 2012 release from prison, U.S. authorities seized his assets, including a Picasso lithograph and a California mansion once occupied by actor Eddie Murphy, to help satisfy outstanding fines. Switzerland seized $6.6 million that Lazarenko stashed there and in 2000 convicted him in absentia of money laundering."
23,story-category-code,0
23,story-priority,11
23,story-region-codes,4
23,story-country-1-code,UKR
23,story-country-1-name,Ukraine
23,story-document-1-title,Search warrant for Bassington
23,story-document-2-title,Search warrant for Southeast
23,story-document-3-title,Search warrant for Metalsrussia
23,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778424-Lazarenko-Pavlodoc1.html
23,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778426-Lazarenko-Pavlodoc2.html
23,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778428-Lazarenko-Pavlodoc3.html
23,data-person-1-name,Pavlo Lazarenko
23,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Prime Minister of Ukraine (1996-1997); Energy Minister (First Deputy Prime Minister with special responsibility for energy affairs) (1995-1996)
23,data-person-1-relationship,
23,data-person-1-image,P_Lazarenko.png
23,data-person-1-viz-publish,4c5d558e
23,data-person-1-comment,Lazarenko's criminal defense lawyer did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
25,story-title,Angolas minister of petroleum
25,story-subtitle,José Maria Botelho de Vasconcelos
25,story-image-if-linked-person,
25,story-narrative,"On 6 March 2002, when Jose Maria Botelho de Vasconcelos was minister of petroleum for the first time, he was named one of two individuals who had power of attorney for Medea Investments Limited, a company that put its own value at $1 million. The company was incorporated on September 13, 2001 in Niue and moved to Samoa in 2006. It was inactivated on Feb. 16, 2009. In both Niue and Samoa, the company was held by “bearer” shares, which belong to the individual who physically holds them, making it easier to obscure ownership. Medea Investments Limited (Samoa) was one of two companies to hold shares in the New York company Blue Nile Consulting LLC in October 2007."
25,story-narrative-summary,Offshore use goes back to his first time as minister of petroleum
25,story-biography,"José Maria Botelho de Vasconcelos has served as Angola’s Minister of Petroleum since 2008. An engineer by training, Botelho de Vasconcelos worked for years with Angola’s state oil company, Sonangol. Botelho de Vasconcelos first served as petroleum minister from 1999 to 2002 before becoming Minister for Energy and Water. He was re-appointed Minister of Petroleum in 2008 and was president of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 2009."
25,story-category-code,2
25,story-priority,39
25,story-region-codes,3
25,story-country-1-code,AGO
25,story-country-1-name,Angola
25,story-document-1-title,Power of Attorney
25,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2780533-Botelho-Josedoc1.html
25,data-person-1-name,José Maria Botelho de Vasconcelos
25,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"Minister of Petroleum, Angola (1999-2002) (2008-present); Minister of Energy and Water (2002-2008)"
25,data-person-1-relationship,
25,data-person-1-image,J_Botelho.png
25,data-person-1-viz-publish,11e056dd
25,data-person-1-comment,Botelho de Vasconcelos did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
26,story-title,Headed Panama state owned bank
26,story-subtitle,Riccardo Francolini
26,story-image-if-linked-person,
26,story-narrative,"In January 2015, Mossack Fonseca resigned as the agent for two offshore companies owned by Francolini because the Panamanian law firm considered him a politically exposed person. He was listed as the sole shareholder of Jamefield Investment, incorporated in July 2014 in the British Virgin Islands. He was also president and co-owner ─ with his wife Iraida García ─ of Gladden Corporation, registered in the Bahamas in 1998."
26,story-narrative-summary,Held offshore companies during years he helped run state-controlled firms
26,story-biography,"Riccardo Francolini has been an officer or director of three state-run enterprises, including the state-run savings bank Caja de Ahorros, and belongs to the inner circle of former Panama President Ricardo Martinelli. According to press reports, he is suspected of having received at least $500,000 as part of a system of bribes involving Martinelli and associates related to a contract for a failed irrigation project. No charges have been filed against Francolini. He and Martinelli were also partners in the private Panamanian broadcaster NEXtv."
26,story-category-code,2
26,story-priority,36
26,story-region-codes,2
26,story-country-1-code,PAN
26,story-country-1-name,Panama
26,story-document-1-title,Sole shareholder of Jamefield Investment
26,story-document-2-title,
26,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774086-Francolini-Riccardodoc1.html
26,story-document-2-url,
26,data-person-1-name,Riccardo Francolini
26,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Chairman of state-run bank Caja de Ahorros (2009-2014); Vice president of state-run airport authority Aeropuerto Internacional Tocumen S.A (2009-2014)
26,data-person-1-relationship,
26,data-person-1-image,R_Francolini.png
26,data-person-1-viz-publish,7bd18698
26,data-person-1-comment,Francolini did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
27,story-title,President of Argentina
27,story-subtitle,Mauricio Macri
27,story-image-if-linked-person,
27,story-narrative,"Macri, his father Francisco and brother Mariano were directors of Fleg Trading Ltd, incorporated in the Bahamas in 1998 and dissolved in January 2009,. In asset declarations in 2007 and 2008 when he was mayor of Buenos Aires, Macri did not disclose his connection to Fleg Trading. He declared a Merrill Lynch bank account in the United States with $2.9 million in 2007 and $1.9 million in the same account in 2008. Macri also declared $158,000 in foreign assets in 2008, but did not specify their source or location."
27,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company was a family affair
27,story-biography,"Argentine President Mauricio Macri appeared headed for a business career, working his way up under the tutelage of his father, Italian-born business tycoon, Francisco Macri. But in 1991, he was kidnapped for ransom by federal police officers – a turning point that led him to politics. During his third term as president of the popular Boca Juniors soccer club, he founded the center-right party Commitment to Change, then represented Buenos Aires in the Congress from 2005 to 2007, was elected mayor in 2007 and elected President by a narrow margin in 2015, with promises to liberalize the economy and eliminate corruption."
27,story-category-code,0
27,story-priority,1
27,story-region-codes,2
27,story-country-1-code,ARG
27,story-country-1-name,Argentina
27,story-document-1-title,Fleg Trading directorship in 1998
27,story-document-2-title,Macri's asset declaration 2008
27,story-document-3-title,Macri's asset declaration 2009
27,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2771691-Macri-Mauriciodoc1.html
27,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782161-Macri-Mauriciodoc2.html
27,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782162-Macri-Mauriciodoc3.html
27,data-person-1-name,Mauricio Macri
27,data-person-1-description-if-politician,President of Argentina (2015-present); Mayor of Buenos Aires (2007-2015)
27,data-person-1-relationship,
27,data-person-1-image,M_Macri.png
27,data-person-1-viz-publish,52815807
27,data-person-1-comment,"Macri's official spokesman Ivan Pavlovsky said that the Argentine president didn't list Fleg Trading Ltd. as an asset because he had no capital participation in the company. The company, used to participate in interests in Brazil, was related to the family business group. ""This is why Maricio Macri was occasionally its director,"" he said, reiterating that Macri was not a shareholder."
28,story-title,Baroness and lifetime member of U.K. Parliament
28,story-subtitle,Pamela Sharples
28,story-image-if-linked-person,
28,story-narrative,"In 1995, Pamela Sharples became the sole shareholder of Nunswell Investments Limited, a company based in the Bahamas that she used to make investments. By 2001, her son, David Richard Sharples, had joined her as shareholder and director of the company. The elder Sharples didn't deal with Mossack Fonseca directly; she managed her company through an employee of a British law firm who also was a director, along with an accountant from another firm. Sharples used her official Parliamentary email address to communicate with them. In late 2013, they discussed whether it made sense to defer a distribution from her Nunswell account, if she didn't need the funds, to postpone paying taxes on it. The documents don't indicate whether Sharples followed through with that idea."
28,story-narrative-summary,Bahamas company was used for investments
28,story-biography,"The Baroness Pamela Sharples was given a life peerage in the House of Lords in the United Kingdom after her husband Sir Richard Sharples, Governor of Bermuda, was murdered while he walked the grounds of Government House with an aide and his Great Dane. She is a member of the Conservative Party. In 2014, she told The Daily Mail that she was forced to sell the family home to pay death duties when it was ruled that her husband was not killed in the line of duty."
28,story-category-code,2
28,story-priority,52
28,story-region-codes,4
28,story-country-1-code,GBR
28,story-country-1-name,United Kingdom
28,story-document-1-title,Register of directors
28,story-document-2-title,
28,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2772884-Sharples-Pameladoc1.html
28,story-document-2-url,
28,data-person-1-name,Pamela Sharples
28,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"Baroness, United Kingdom House of Lords Member (1973-present)"
28,data-person-1-relationship,
28,data-person-1-image,P_Sharples.png
28,data-person-1-viz-publish,9c633d69
28,data-person-1-comment,"The law firm handling Sharples' affairs said that she became a director of Nunswell in 2000 and that the company was registered in the United Kingdom in the same year and now pays taxes to the British government. The law firm wrote that the House of Lords ""has been notified of Baroness Sharples' oversight in registering her interest as a Director of Nunswell Investments Limited"" and that she receives ""no remuneration...nor any income or capital from that company."" Her son is a director and is a shareholder of the company on behalf of a trust, ""not on a personal basis."""
30,story-title,Former Emir of Qatar
30,story-subtitle,Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani
30,story-image-if-linked-person,
30,story-narrative,"In March 2014, less than a year after Al Thani resigned as Qatar’s ruler, a Luxembourg lawyer contacted Mossack Fonseca to convey Al Thani's interest in buying an off-the-shelf company registered in the British Virgin Islands. The company the former emir acquired, Afrodille S.A., would hold a bank account in Luxembourg and shares in two South African companies, according to the lawyer. From September 2013, Al Thani was also the majority shareholder of Rienne S.A. and of Yalis S.A., which held a term deposit with the Bank of China in Luxembourg, according to the files. While Al Thani held majority ownership in both companies, a 25 percent stake in each was held by another family member, Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim Al Thani, Qatar’s former prime minister and foreign minister."
30,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company held a bank account; South African companies' shares
30,story-biography,"Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani ruled over the energy-rich nation of Qatar from 1995 to 2013 after he deposed his father, who was travelling in Switzerland, in a bloodless coup. In June 2013, Al Thani handed over power to his son, saying it was time for “a new generation.” During his 18 years in power, Al Thani was widely-credited with increasing Qatar’s political clout and growing its economy."
30,story-category-code,0
30,story-priority,7
30,story-region-codes,5; 6
30,story-country-1-code,QAT
30,story-country-1-name,Qatar
30,story-document-1-title,Certificate shows Al Thani holding a share in Afrodille S.A.
30,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779709-Emir-of-Qatardoc1.html
30,data-person-1-name,Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani
30,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Former ruling emir of the State of Qatar (1995–2013)
30,data-person-1-relationship,
30,data-person-1-image,A_Thani.png
30,data-person-1-viz-publish,ea9f3be7
30,data-person-1-comment,The Emir did not respond to a request for comment via his offshore companies' administrator.
31,story-title,Aide to former Argentine presidents Kirchner
31,story-subtitle,Daniel Muñoz
31,story-image-if-linked-person,Munoz_Story.png
31,story-narrative,"Muñoz and his wife were linked to Gold Black Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands in 2010 to invest in U.S. real estate. The origin of the company's funds was listed as “personal savings.” From 2010 to the beginning of 2015, the company's ownership was through bearer shares, a financial instrument that can be used to hide an owner's identity. One of the directors, Sergio Tadisco told ICIJ partner Canal Trece that he was just a figurehead who said he agreed to his name being used in 2011 because of his friendship with Muñoz and his wife. In January 2015, Muñoz and his wife became named shareholders, owning 50 percent each. By that time, Mossack Fonseca had become the registered agent of Gold Black. However, only three weeks later, its compliance department proposed resigning because Muñoz was identified in connection with the governments of the Kirchners. The resignation became effective in June 2015."
31,story-narrative-summary,British Virgin Islands firm used to by U.S. real estate
31,story-biography,"Daniel Muñoz was the private secretary and confidant of former Argentinian president Néstor Kirchner. Muñoz later also served for two years as an aide to Néstor Kirchner’s wife, Cristina Férnandez de Kirchner, who was president of Argentina from 2007 to 2015. In 2009, Muñoz was investigated for illicit enrichment, a charge that was later dropped. In 2013, Argentinian media reported that Muñoz had helped transfer “bags of money” belonging to President Néstor Kirchner from Buenos Aires, the Argentine capital, to Santa Cruz, the Kirchner’s home state. Charges in relation to the matter were dismissed in July 2015 for lack of evidence."
31,story-category-code,1
31,story-priority,25
31,story-region-codes,2
31,story-country-1-code,ARG
31,story-country-1-name,Argentina
31,story-document-1-title,Muñoz's source of funds
31,story-document-2-title,Certificate shows Daniel Muñoz holds half the shares
31,story-document-3-title,Certificate shows his wife holds the other half
31,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779698-Munoz-Hector-Danieldoc1.html
31,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779699-Munoz-Hector-Danieldoc2.html
31,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779700-Munoz-Hector-Danieldoc3.html
31,data-person-1-name,Daniel Muñoz
31,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
31,data-person-1-relationship,"Private secretary, adviser"
31,data-person-1-image,H_Munoz.png
31,data-person-1-viz-publish,8abd7b75
31,data-person-1-comment,"In early 2016, Muñoz had become seriously ill and could not be reached for comment."
31,linked-person-name,Néstor Kirchner; Cristina Fernández de Kirchner
31,linked-person-description,President of Argentina (2003-2007);President of Argentina (2007-2015)
31,linked-person-image,NC_Kirchner.png
31,linked-person-association,A
31,linked-person-association-text,Daniel Muñoz
32,story-title,"Former commander-in-chief, Venezuelan Armed Forces"
32,story-subtitle,Víctor Cruz Weffer
32,story-image-if-linked-person,
32,story-narrative,"Records showed Cruz Weffer was the shareholder of Univers Investments Ltd., a company incorporated in Seychelles in 2007. The firm issued bearer shares, a financial instrument that can be used to obscure the ownership of offshore structures. The company of Venezuela’s ex-commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces was noted as inactive in January 2011."
32,story-narrative-summary,Seychelles company acquired after charges of wrong-doing
32,story-biography,"Víctor Cruz Weffer was the commander-in-chief of Venezuela’s army from July 2001 until his dismissal in December 2001 following graft accusations relating to his previous management of a $113 million social development fund. An investigation of Weffer began in 2002 and charges of illicit enrichment and failing to disclose financial interests were made by public prosecutors in April 2007. Prosecutors also alleged that Weffer, once close to President Hugo Chávez, sent hundreds of thousands of dollars to overseas bank accounts. Charges were filed one month before Weffer acquired shares in the Seychelles company Univers Investments Ltd. Weffer was acquitted in 2011 but an appeal is ongoing."
32,story-category-code,2
32,story-priority,62
32,story-region-codes,2
32,story-country-1-code,VEN
32,story-country-1-name,"Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of"
32,story-document-1-title,
32,story-document-1-url,
32,data-person-1-name,Víctor Cruz Weffer
32,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Venezuela’s commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces (2001); President of National Fund for Urban Development (2000-2001)
32,data-person-1-relationship,
32,data-person-1-image,V_Cruz.png
32,data-person-1-viz-publish,70683d72
32,data-person-1-comment,"Cruz Weffer denied ever having held shares in Univers Investments Ltd. ""If you navigate the Internet, you can verify that the Seychelles are a group of islands in Africa, where I never was. Therefore, it is not possible that I could register any company in that place,"" he said. ""You can easily check my trips abroad in the exit and entry records of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.'"
33,story-title,Former Governor of Ecuador's Central Bank
33,story-subtitle,Pedro Delgado
33,story-image-if-linked-person,
33,story-narrative,"Over the course of 2012, Mossack Fonseca client Austrobank Panama S.A., a subsidiary bank of Grupo Eljuri, one of the largest business conglomerates in Ecuador, processed a mortgage loan on behalf of Delgado and his wife María Verónica Endara. She was then vice consul general of Ecuador in Miami. The $190,000 mortgage was to purchase a house in North Miami Beach. At the time, Delgado served as governor of the Central Bank of Ecuador. An agent of Austrobank emailed Mossack Fonseca to obtain legal advice . The first law firm contacted by Mossack Fonseca declined to process the loan, saying the borrower was refusing to agree to standard conditions in the mortgage documents. “There are just too many holes in this transaction”, wrote the lawyer. “I have concerns over the borrower’s objections here. Something just doesn’t smell right here in my opinion,” he added. But Mossack Fonseca found another lawyer who recorded the mortgage in Miami. Delgado confirmed to Univision that he owned property in Miami."
33,story-narrative-summary,Mossack Fonseca sought lawyer to approve mortgage loan
33,story-biography,"Pedro Miguel Delgado Campaña is the former president of the Central Bank of Ecuador and the cousin of Ecuador's President Rafael Correa. In 2013, Delgado admitted to falsifying educational qualifications, an offense for which he could be imprisoned if convicted on pending fraud charges. Delgado now lives in the United States, from which Ecuadorian authorities continue to seek his extradition for charges related to the forged university degree."
33,story-category-code,2
33,story-priority,32
33,story-region-codes,2
33,story-country-1-code,ECU
33,story-country-1-name,Ecuador
33,story-document-1-title,Mortgage agreement for North Miami Beach house
33,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779696-Delgado-Pedrodoc1.html
33,data-person-1-name,Pedro Delgado
33,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Governor of Ecuador's Central Bank (2011-2012)
33,data-person-1-relationship,
33,data-person-1-image,P_Delgado.png
33,data-person-1-viz-publish,b80e0eae
33,data-person-1-comment,Delgado did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
34,story-title,Former head Delhi branch of political party
34,story-subtitle,Anurag Kejriwal
34,story-image-if-linked-person,
34,story-narrative,"Kejriwal and his wife set up their first company in the British Virgin Islands in 2007. In 2008 and 2010, they restructured their assets and established two foundations in Panama of which they, and their son, were beneficiaries. Through The Nedstar Foundation, they owned Nedstar Commercial Ltd. and Newington Group Trading Ltd., both based in the BVI. Newington's activity was trading in iron ore. Through The Pruak Foundation, they owned Biscay Overseas Limited  — later renamed Biscay Exports Limited — and Krims Investments Inc., also based in the BVI. They signed a financing agreement with the bank BNP Paribas (Suisse) SA for Nedstar Commercial. In 2011, 2012, and 2013,  Mossack Fonseca received documents related to legal proceedings against Kejriwal's companies. The Nedstar Foundation and Nedstar Commercial were inactivated in 2011, Biscay in 2012, and both Krims and Pruak in 2013. Newington was struck off in October 2012."
34,story-narrative-summary,British Virgin Islands company set up for iron ore trading
34,story-biography,"Anurag Kejriwal was the president of Delhi branch of India’s Lok Satta party until his expulsion in 2014 after an undercover exposé showed him offering political access, influence and privileges to outside interests. The Lok Satta party, a former nongovernmental organization, became a political party in 2006 and has no current members of Parliament."
34,story-category-code,2
34,story-priority,63
34,story-region-codes,6
34,story-country-1-code,IND
34,story-country-1-name,India
34,story-document-1-title,Kejriwal's power of attorney for Biscay Overseas
34,story-document-2-title,Kejriwal's wife's power of attorney for Biscay Overseas
34,story-document-3-title,Kejriwal's share certificate in Nedstar
34,story-document-4-title,Kejriwal's consent to act as director of Newington
34,story-document-5-title,His wife's consent to act as director of Newington
34,story-document-6-title,Certificate of incumbency for Nedstar Commercial
34,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779687-Kejriwal-Anuragdoc1.html
34,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779688-Kejriwal-Anuragdoc2.html
34,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779689-Kejriwal-Anuragdoc3.html
34,story-document-4-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779690-Kejriwal-Anuragdoc4.html
34,story-document-5-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779692-Kejriwal-Anuragdoc5.html
34,story-document-6-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779693-Kejriwal-Anuragdoc7.html
34,data-person-1-name,Anurag Kejriwal
34,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Former Delhi state president of Lok Satta Party (2013-2014)
34,data-person-1-relationship,
34,data-person-1-image,A_Kejriwal.png
34,data-person-1-viz-publish,156e6d8a
34,data-person-1-comment,"Kejriwal said he set up entities in Panama and the British Virgin Islands because business partners ""had agreed to finance or support the exports of iron ore"" from India. He said he soon realized that having offshore companies could be a problem. When he learned he had to declare his income from the companies to the Indian government and had difficulty obtaining bank credit, he closed the offshore companies in 2010. The two foundations were closed shortly after they were set up, he said."
35,story-title,"UAE President, Abu Dhabi emir"
35,story-subtitle,Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
35,story-image-if-linked-person,
35,story-narrative,"Sheikh Khalifa was the beneficial owner of at least 30 companies established in the British Virgin Islands by Mossack Fonseca, through which he held commercial and residential properties in pricey areas of London such as Kensington and Mayfair, worth at least $1.7 billion. The Sheikh financed his acquisitions through loans from the London branch of the National Bank of Abu Dhabi  and the Royal Bank of Scotland. Until 2007, Mossack Fonseca provided companies that acted as directors and shareholders of the Sheikh's BVI companies.  By December 2015, nearly all the shares in those companies were held by Mossack Fonseca through trust structures, but the true beneficiary remained the Sheikh, as well as his wife, son and daughter. In 2011 Mossack Fonseca wrote that the law firm handling Sheikh Al Nahyan's affairs was ""usually hesitant"" in providing information about his identity."
35,story-narrative-summary,British Virgin Islands companies used to buy luxury real estate and other properties
35,story-biography,"Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, president of the United Arab Emirates and emir of Abu Dhabi is one of the world’s wealthiest men. Sheikh Khalifa built a seven-story mountain-top palace in the Seychelles while pledging more than $130 million in aid to the island nation. His record-setting $150 million gift to the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center created a state-of-the-art cancer care building named for his father. He also bankrolled construction of a cardiovascular-critical care tower at Maryland’s Johns Hopkins Hospital and built himself the world’s biggest yacht, replete with helipads, pools, a disco and a sprawling French-designed salon. In Dubai, the world’s tallest building, named Burj Khalifa in honor of the sheikh, is a symbol of his effort to diversify UAE’s oil-based economy."
35,story-category-code,0
35,story-priority,10
35,story-region-codes,6
35,story-country-1-code,ARE
35,story-country-1-name,United Arab Emirates
35,story-document-1-title,Document identifies Sheikh Khalifa as owner of Boston House Properties
35,story-document-2-title,Granting a power of attorney for Forestway at Sheikh Khalifa's request
35,story-document-3-title,Signed declaration of trust by MF for Qusiwrah
35,story-document-4-title,Signed declaration of trust by MF for West End
35,story-document-5-title,Legal letter confirming sole signatory
35,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779614-Al-Nahyandoc1.html
35,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779666-Al-Nahyandoc3.html
35,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782820-Al-Nahyandoc2.html
35,story-document-4-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782913-Al-Nahyandoc4.html
35,story-document-5-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782816-Al-Nahyandoc5.html
35,data-person-1-name,Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan
35,data-person-1-description-if-politician,President of the United Arab Emirates and emir of Abu Dhabi (2000-present)
35,data-person-1-relationship,
35,data-person-1-image,A_Nahyan.png
35,data-person-1-viz-publish,4b22977e
35,data-person-1-comment,"A UK law firm representing Al Nahyan, contacted by phone, said it was ""unable to help"" with comments."
37,story-title,"""Favorite contractor"" of Mexico's president"
37,story-subtitle,Juan Armando Hinojosa
37,story-image-if-linked-person,Hinojosa_Story.png
37,story-narrative,"Throughout the summer and fall of 2015, not long after the controversy over the Casa Blanca, Mossack Fonseca helped Hinojosa create three trusts to take over accounts worth approximately $100 million previously held in banks. Hinojosa was the primary beneficiary of the trusts, nominally controlled by his mother and mother-in-law. His wife and children were named beneficiaries in the event of his death . His network was complex, with nine entities set up in three different jurisdictions — New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands."
37,story-narrative-summary,"After controversy, a complex offshore network was created to hold about $100 million"
37,story-biography,"Juan Armando Hinojosa, who has been called Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto's ""favorite contractor,"" runs a well-connected business empire that secured at least $750 million in business with government agencies. Controversy broke out when it was revealed in late 2014 that first lady and former soap opera star Angélica Rivera was in the process of buying a $7 million mansion for the presidential family that was built by one of Hinojosa's companies and registered under the name of the firm. Reacting to criticism, Rivera disclosed she secured a $4 million, eight-year loan from one of Hinojosa's companies and made 30 percent down payment in January 2012, using her own money, almost a year before her husband became president. In her response, she made a commitment to sell the house. But in August 2015, a government spokesman said Rivera would wait for an inquiry on a possible conflict of interest to wrap up before proceeding with the sale. That same month the Secretariat of Public Function said that there was no conflict of interest in the purchase of the house and exonerated Peña Nieto."
37,story-category-code,1
37,story-priority,26
37,story-region-codes,2
37,story-country-1-code,MEX
37,story-country-1-name,Mexico
37,story-document-1-title,Stated reason for creating three trusts in New Zealand
37,story-document-2-title,Hinojosa's mother-in-law said to control one trust
37,story-document-3-title,
37,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779708-Hinojosa-Juan-Armandodoc1.html
37,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782967-Hinojosa-Juan-Armandodoc3r.html
37,story-document-3-url,
37,data-person-1-name,Juan Armando Hinojosa
37,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
37,data-person-1-relationship,Associate
37,data-person-1-image,A_Hinojosa.png
37,data-person-1-viz-publish,7e87b4b9
37,data-person-1-comment,Hinojosa did not respond to repeated requests for comment. A representative for Hinojosa said he was on vacation where there is poor phone coverage.
37,linked-person-name,Enrique Peña Nieto
37,linked-person-description,President of Mexico (2012-present); Governor of the state of Mexico (2005-2011)
37,linked-person-image,E_Pena_Nieto.png
37,linked-person-association,A
37,linked-person-association-text,Juan Armando Hinojosa
38,story-title,Former deputy mayor of Kazakhstan capital
38,story-subtitle,Nurali Aliyev
38,story-image-if-linked-person,Aliyev_Story.png
38,story-narrative,"In June 2008 Aliyev became a shareholder of Baltimore Alliance Inc. Based in the British Virgin Islands, the company was inactivated in 2014. The main activity of Baltimore was to own, purchase and sell yachts. In 2008 the company bought a 77-foot yacht, the Nomad, registered in the BVI by Mossack Fonseca. In February 2009, Aliyev was replaced as one of the shareholders of Baltimore by a BVI company called Greatex Trade & Invest Corp. Greatex ceased being a shareholder of Baltimore in July 2011. According to a 2015 report by Global Witness, Greatex controlled companies in the United Kingdom that owned property in London. From 2007 to 2008, Nurali Aliyev was also administrator president of Greatex (Suisse) SA, a Swiss company that traded in raw materials. As of December 2015, Nurali Aliyev also owned Alba International Holdings Ltd., founded in the BVI in September 2014, which he used to hold a bank account in Cyprus."
38,story-narrative-summary,"One offshore company bought a yacht named the ""Nomad"""
38,story-biography,"Nurali Aliyev is the former deputy mayor of Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, and grandson of the country’s president, Nursultan Nazarbayev. Aliyev, who was worth an estimated $200 million in 2012 and is also chairman of a telecommunications company, is rumored to be a potential successor to his grandfather as president of the oil- and gas-rich nation."
38,story-category-code,2
38,story-priority,35
38,story-region-codes,6
38,story-country-1-code,KAZ
38,story-country-1-name,Kazakhstan
38,story-document-1-title,Mossack Fonseca identifies Nurali Aliyev
38,story-document-2-title,Aliyev's passport
38,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782968-Aliyev-Nuralidoc1.html
38,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779612-Aliyev-Nuralidoc2.html
38,data-person-1-name,Nurali Aliyev
38,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Deputy Mayor of Astana (2014-2016) ; Deputy Chairman of the board of state-owned Development Bank of Kazakhstan (2008-2013)
38,data-person-1-relationship,
38,data-person-1-image,N_Aliyev.png
38,data-person-1-viz-publish,e60f3144
38,data-person-1-comment,Nurali Aliyev did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
39,story-title,Brother-in-law of Bogota's mayor
39,story-subtitle,Carlos Gutiérrez Robayo
39,story-image-if-linked-person,Gutierrez_Story.png
39,story-narrative,"From 2007 to 2014, Gutiérrez Robayo created a network of 12 offshore companies and three foundations in Panama and the British Virgin Islands handled by his firm Trenaco Colombia. He was the owner of at least 11 of the companies and one foundation. However, he managed the whole network with his wife, who co-owned a company and was the main beneficiary of a foundation; and one of his associates, who was also a co-owner of three firms. The companies' activities took place in Panama, Colombia, United Kingdom and Switzerland in sectors including biotechnology, cattle ranching and real estate. An official investigation into possible influence peddling in the summer of 2014 resulted in no charges against Gutiérrez Robayo, according to the public prosecutor's office. Mossack Fonseca resigned from his companies because he was considered a ""politically exposed person."" As a result, he hired another Panamanian law firm to keep his offshore network alive. When their firms were with Mossack Fonseca, Gutiérrez Robayo and his wife opened a Swiss bank account between 2010 and 2011."
39,story-narrative-summary,"Large network of offshore companies and foundations was active in real estate and cattle ranching, among other sectors"
39,story-biography,"Carlos Gutiérrez Robayo is a Colombian business executive related by marriage to the former mayor of Bogota, Gustavo Petro. According to Colombian media, Gutiérrez Robayo has allegedly benefited from business contracts through that relationship. In June 2014, Colombian authorities opened an investigation into contracts awarded for the extension of Bogota's TransMilenio mass transit system, but the investigation resulted in no charges. Gutiérrez Robayo and Petro both have denied any impropriety."
39,story-category-code,3
39,story-priority,69
39,story-region-codes,2
39,story-country-1-code,COL
39,story-country-1-name,Colombia
39,story-document-1-title,Gutierrez and wife opened a UBS Geneva bank account
39,story-document-2-title,Document identifies Gutierrez and his wife as the owners of Trenaco and associated offshore companies.
39,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779671-Gutierrez-Carlosdoc1.html
39,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779989-Gutierrez-Carlosdoc2.html
39,data-person-1-name,Carlos Gutiérrez Robayo
39,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
39,data-person-1-relationship,Brother-in-law
39,data-person-1-image,C_Gutierrez.png
39,data-person-1-viz-publish,f6cd6b26
39,data-person-1-comment,Gutiérrez said he has committed no offense and has not been investigated in Colombia or anywhere else. He said he has never had business dealing with his brother-in-law. He noted that holding companies in another jurisdiction is not illegal.
39,linked-person-name,Gustavo Petro
39,linked-person-description,Bogota's mayor (2012-2015); Member of Colombia's Senate (2006-2010)
39,linked-person-image,G_Petro.png
39,linked-person-association,R
39,linked-person-association-text,Carlos Gutiérrez Robayo
40,story-title,Once Brazil's richest member of Parliament
40,story-subtitle,João Lyra
40,story-image-if-linked-person,
40,story-narrative,"In 2009, Lyra was granted a power of attorney for Refill Trading Corp. The company was incorporated in Panama in January 2009 and remained active in March 2016, a period that included the entrepreneur and Social Democratic Party politician's most recent term in the Brazilian House, from 2011 to 2015. Refill Trading used bearer shares, a financial instrument used to obscure the owners of companies. The Panama offshore company opened an account in Swiss private bank Pictet, listing Lyra as its sole authorized signatory. He did not disclose his control of Refill Trading or the Swiss bank account in his asset declarations of 2010 or in 2014 as a candidate for the lower House of the National Congress. Mossack Fonseca identified Lyra as a politically exposed person beginning in 2009 on but didn't ask him for additional information, according to the files."
40,story-narrative-summary,Congressional member didn't disclose his offshore holding or Swiss bank account
40,story-biography,"João José Pereira de Lyra was once Brazil’s richest member of Parliament, worth an estimated $140 million. He served in the Brazilian Congress several times over the years, in the Senate from 1989 to 1991 and in the House from 2003 to 2007 and again from 2011 to to 2015. As a businessman with companies active in sugar cane, alcohol and other agriculture-related industries, Lyra has been forced to defend himself and his companies against government allegations that workers for one of his sugar cane farms worked in slave-like conditions. The charges are still pending in court."
40,story-category-code,2
40,story-priority,46
40,story-region-codes,2
40,story-country-1-code,BRA
40,story-country-1-name,Brazil
40,story-document-1-title,Mossack Fonseca had information about Lyra's role in politics
40,story-document-2-title,Lyra granted power of attorney for Refill Trading
40,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779669-Lyra-Joaodoc1.html
40,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779667-Lyra-Joaodoc2.html
40,data-person-1-name,João Lyra
40,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"Member of Brazil's Chamber of Deputies (2003-2007, 2011-2015); Senator (1989-1991)"
40,data-person-1-relationship,
40,data-person-1-image,J_Lyra.png
40,data-person-1-viz-publish,02664021
40,data-person-1-comment,Lyra did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
41,story-title,Cambodia's minister of justice
41,story-subtitle,Ang Vong Vathana
41,story-image-if-linked-person,
41,story-narrative,"In May 2007, as Vathana celebrated his third anniversary as minister, he became one of five shareholders of the British Virgin Islands company RCD International Limited. In a hand-written register of members dated from 2007 that also included Chinese and Khmer business officials, Vathana was listed with the occupation ""Minister of Justice."" The document recorded Vathana as having paid $5,000 for 5,000 shares. The purpose of this company was not apparent. There is no record that Mossack Fonseca acknowledged Vathana as a ""politically exposed person,"" which would have required Mossack Fonseca, as a registered agent, to conduct further background checks on him."
41,story-narrative-summary,"Offshore company shareholder's occupation was listed as ""Minister of Justice"""
41,story-biography,"Ang Vong Vathana has been the Minister of Justice of Cambodia since May 2004. Before his appointment by Prime Minister Hun Sen, Vathana served as secretary of state for the Ministry of Justice, under a power-sharing deal between the Cambodian People’s Party (CPP), headed by the autocratic Hun Sen since 1998, and another party, Funcinpec. Vathana’s appointment led to allegations the Prime Minister Hun Sen had violated the deal by putting his own people in positions held by members of the Funcinpec party."
41,story-category-code,2
41,story-priority,41
41,story-region-codes,6
41,story-country-1-code,KHM
41,story-country-1-name,Cambodia
41,story-document-1-title,"Register of members, RCD International Limited"
41,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2786307-Vong-Vathana-Angdoc1.html
41,story-corrections,
41,story-updates,"A document showing Vong Vathana’s share ownership of RCD International has been added on April 5, 2016."
41,data-person-1-name,Ang Vong Vathana
41,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"Minister of Justice, Cambodia (2004-present)"
41,data-person-1-relationship,
41,data-person-1-image,A_Vathana.png
41,data-person-1-viz-publish,014fe3bc
41,data-person-1-comment,"A spokesman for the Ministry of Justice replied that the ""Minister is very busy now and will not have time to comment on that."""
42,story-title,Close friend of Russian President Vladimir Putin
42,story-subtitle,Sergey Roldugin
42,story-image-if-linked-person,Roldugin_Story.png
42,story-narrative,"Sergey Roldugin was an owner of three offshore companies: Sonnette Overseas, International Media Overseas and Raytar Limited. St. Petersburg-based Bank Rossiya, which the U.S government described as Russia’s “personal bank for senior officials,” created the first two. The Rossiya executive in charge of setting up Sonnette described Roldugin as being “assigned” to the company.. In March 2008, Sonnette Overseas and four other offshore-companies gained major influence over Kamaz , Russia's largest truckmaker, for almost a year. International Media Overseas owned Med Media Network, which in turn controlled 12.5% of Vi, Russia’s largest television advertising buyer, formerly known as Video International. Another Bank Rossiya-created company assigned International Media Overseas the rights to a $200 million loan for $1."
42,story-narrative-summary,Companies received advantageous loans
42,story-biography,"As young men in the late 1970s, Sergey Roldugin and Vladimir Putin became very close, “almost like brothers,” according to Roldugin. Putin went on to join the KGB and is now president of Russia. Roldugin gained fame as a world-class cellist, eventually becoming director of the St. Petersburg State Rimsky-Korsakov Conservatoire and Artistic Director of the St. Petersburg House of Music. Throughout their lives, the two have remained close. Roldugin had a role in introducing Putin to his future wife Lyudmila. He is also the godfather of Putin’s oldest daughter, Mariya."
42,story-category-code,1
42,story-priority,17
42,story-region-codes,4
42,story-country-1-code,RUS
42,story-country-1-name,Russian Federation
42,story-country-2-code,CHE
42,story-country-2-name,Switzerland
42,story-document-1-title,Rodulgin transfers shares in Sonnette
42,story-document-2-title,
42,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782961-Roldugin-Sergeidoc1.html
42,story-document-2-url,
42,data-person-1-name,Sergey Roldugin
42,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
42,data-person-1-relationship,Friend
42,data-person-1-image,S_Roldugin.png
42,data-person-1-viz-publish,7dcc235e
42,data-person-1-comment,"Roldugin did not respond to detailed questions. Reporters from the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project, an ICIJ partner, briefly met with the musician after a concert in Moscow last week. Roldugin told them he needed more time to review the questions."
42,linked-person-name,Vladimir Putin
42,linked-person-description,President of Russia (2000–2008) (2012-present); Prime Minister of Russia (2008-2012)
42,linked-person-image,V_Putin.png
42,linked-person-association,A
42,linked-person-association-text,Sergey Roldugin
43,story-title,Charged in fraud along with Italian senator
43,story-subtitle,Giuseppe Donaldo Nicosia
43,story-image-if-linked-person,Nicosia_Story.png
43,story-narrative,"Nicosia was the sole shareholder of the British Virgin Islands company Darion Trading Ltd, incorporated in May 2011. In November 2011, Nicosia, as an individual, sold two New York apartments opposite Carnegie Hall for $3.2 million to a Delaware company, Amadocia Inc. Darion Trading also signed the apartment purchase documents as sole shareholder and president of Amadocia Inc. In September 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice sought to enforce an Italian restraining order in U.S. courts that would constrain Nicosia from exercising any rights over his U.S. properties. But Amadocia sold the apartments in October for $3.72 million, before a court approved the Justice Department's request."
43,story-narrative-summary,Offshore companies traded ownership of two New York apartments worth more than $3 million
43,story-biography,"Giuseppe Donaldo Nicosia, an advertising executive, is on the lam from Italian authorities following accusations of involvement in a $50 million tax fraud scheme that allegedly sold advertising space and fraudulently claimed value added tax credits. Italian prosecutors allege that Nicosia reaped millions of dollars from the scheme for himself and partners, who included former Senator Marcello Dell’Utri, an ally of former Italian President Silvio Berlusconi and who is currently serving an unrelated seven-year jail sentence for collusion with the Italian mafia."
43,story-category-code,3
43,story-priority,67
43,story-region-codes,4
43,story-country-1-code,ITA
43,story-country-1-name,Italy
43,story-document-1-title,Certificate identifying Nicosia as the shareholder
43,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774447-Nicosia-Giuseppedoc1.html
43,data-person-1-name,Giuseppe Donaldo Nicosia
43,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
43,data-person-1-relationship,Business associate
43,data-person-1-image,S_Man.png
43,data-person-1-viz-publish,46b46d7c
43,data-person-1-comment,Nicosia's lawyers did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
43,linked-person-name,Marcello Dell’Utri
43,linked-person-description,Member of the Italian Senate (1996-2001) (2001-2013); Member of the European Parliament for Italian Islands (1999-2004)
43,linked-person-image,M_DellUtri.png
43,linked-person-association,A
43,linked-person-association-text,Giuseppe Donaldo Nicosia
45,story-title,King of Saudi Arabia
45,story-subtitle,Salman bin Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman Al Saud
45,story-image-if-linked-person,
45,story-narrative,"King Salman held an unspecific role in Luxembourg company Safason Corporation SPF S.A., which was the shareholder of Verse Development Corporation, incorporated in the British Virgin Islands in 1999, and Inrow Corporation, incorporated in 2002. Inrow took out a mortgage in 2009 worth up to $26 million and Verse took out a second mortgage worth more than $8 million both of which were for luxury homes in central London. While King Salman's precise role is not specified, both mortgages are mentioned ""in relation to"" him and his assets. King Salman was also described as ""the principal user"" of a motor yacht, Erga, named after the King’s palace in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and registered in London by the BVI company Crassus Limited, incorporated in 2004. The records of another BVI company, Park Property Limited, incorporated in 2005 and of which Safason Corporation was the sole shareholder, were kept at Erga Palace."
45,story-narrative-summary,British Virgin Island company used for mortgages on luxury homes in London and to hold yacht
45,story-biography,"Salman bin Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman Al Saud became King of Saudi Arabia in January 2015, assuming the throne after the death of his brother King Abdullah. He previously served as defense minister and deputy prime minister and was the governor of Riyadh, the country’s capital, from 1955 to 1960 and again from 1963 to 2011. He was named as heir to the throne in 2012."
45,story-category-code,0
45,story-priority,8
45,story-region-codes,6; 5
45,story-country-1-code,SAU
45,story-country-1-name,Saudi Arabia
45,story-document-1-title,Inrow shareholder meeting approving execution of a mortgage loan
45,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779042-King-Al-Saud-Salmandoc1.html
45,data-person-1-name,King Salman bin Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman Al Saud
45,data-person-1-description-if-politician,King of Saudi Arabia (2015-present); Crown Prince (2012-2015)
45,data-person-1-relationship,
45,data-person-1-image,King_Al_Saud.png
45,data-person-1-viz-publish,9e0e0c85
45,data-person-1-comment,King Salman did not respond to repeated requests made through the Saudi Embassy in the United States for comment.
46,story-title,Son of Honduran vice president
46,story-subtitle,César Rosenthal
46,story-image-if-linked-person,Rosenthal_Story.png
46,story-narrative,"Rosenthal was sole shareholder and president of Renton Management SA, incorporated in Panama in February 2014 to purchase an aircraft. In October 2015, Guatemalan prosecutors investigating drug trafficking confiscated and inspected the plane. Nothing illegal was found. The pilot told local authorities that the aircraft was brought to Guatemala from Honduras on the owners' instruction because they still owed $2 million to the seller. Some days before, U.S prosecutors had indicted three of Rosenthal's relatives on a charge of laundering money for drug trafficking organizations: father Jaime; brother Yani, a former government minister; and cousin Yankel, former minister of investments. Jaime Rosenthal told Bloomberg that the U.S prosecutors' accusations are ""false."""
46,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company owned aircraft
46,story-biography,"César Rosenthal is the head of Cable Color SA and the son of Jaime Rosenthal, one of Honduras’ wealthiest businessmen and a former vice president. Honduran officials have investigated the elder Rosenthal for tax evasion, and, in 2016, Honduras was asked to extradite Jaime Rosenthal to the United States on charges of money laundering for drug traffickers. Cesar Rosenthal is connected to an offshore company that owned an aircraft seized and inspected in Guatemala as part of investigations into money laundering charges against family members. Guatemalan authorities reportedly found no contraband on the airplane."
46,story-category-code,3
46,story-priority,68
46,story-region-codes,2
46,story-country-1-code,HND
46,story-country-1-name,Honduras
46,story-document-1-title,Rosenthal is president and director of Renton Management
46,story-document-2-title,
46,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779675-Rosenthal-Cesardoc2.html
46,story-document-2-url,
46,data-person-1-name,César Rosenthal
46,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
46,data-person-1-relationship,Son
46,data-person-1-image,C_Rosenthal.png
46,data-person-1-viz-publish,39fb340f
46,data-person-1-comment,Rosenthal did not respond to requests for comments.
46,linked-person-name,Jaime Rosenthal
46,linked-person-description,Vice president of Honduras (1986-1989); Member of the National Congress (2002-2006)
46,linked-person-image,J_Rosenthal.png
46,linked-person-association,R
46,linked-person-association-text,César Rosenthal
47,story-title,Cousins of Syrian President Bashar Assad
47,story-subtitle,Rami and Hafez Makhlouf
47,story-image-if-linked-person,Makhlouf_Story.png
47,story-narrative,"In 1998 Rami Makhlouf used Polter Investments Inc. to invest in Syrian telecommunications with Jordanian investors. In 2002, Makhlouf co-founded Syriatel, a Syrian mobile telecom company. He held 10 percent of the shares personally and another 63 percent through his British Virgin Island company Drex Technologies S.A. The same year, Makhlouf's co-investors in Syriatel sued him in Vienna where his Drex Technologies bank account held $2.6 million. He had also opened an account for Drex at HSBC in Geneva, Switzerland. Makhlouf also held accounts at HSBC for Lorie Limited,  Dorling International Limited, and Ramak Ltd., named after Makhlouf's company in Syria, Ramak Contracting & Trading. HSBC handled Cara Corporation, where he was a director; Seadale International Corporation, which he owned with his brothers, Eagle Trading & Contracting Limited owned by Hafez and Hoxim Lane Management Corp. for another brother. Beginning in February 2011, employees at Mossack Fonseca discussed via email allegations of bribery and corruption made against members of the Makhlouf family and sanctions that had previously been imposed by the U.S. Treasury Department. In June the same year, the BVI Financial Services Commission wrote to Mossack Fonseca regarding an investigation under anti-money laundering laws into Drex Technologies S.A., prompting Mossack Fonseca to cut ties with the Makhlouf family's companies."
47,story-narrative-summary,Companies held large variety of business interests for brothers
47,story-biography,"Brothers Rami and Hafez Makhlouf made a fortune exploiting family ties to their maternal first-cousin, Syrian President Bashar Assad, although they may have fallen out of favor in the last two years. For years, any foreign company seeking to do business in Syria had to be cleared by Rami, who controlled key economic sectors such as oil and telecommunications. Hafez, a general in charge of Syria’s intelligence and security apparatus, has been suspected of helping his older brother intimidate business rivals. Both were targets of international sanctions for their roles in Assad’s violent crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators, although Hafez managed to unfreeze $4 million in Swiss accounts. Hafez lost his security post in 2014 amid rumors of feuding within the regime and is now believed to have fled to Belarus."
47,story-category-code,1
47,story-priority,18
47,story-region-codes,6; 5
47,story-country-1-code,SYR
47,story-country-1-name,Syrian Arab Republic
47,story-document-1-title,Hafez Maklouf appointed director
47,story-document-2-title,Mossack Fonseca resigns as agent
47,story-document-3-title,Owner Rami Makhlouf asks directors to grant him power of attorney for two companies
47,story-document-4-title,Rami Makhlouf's passport
47,story-document-5-title,Certificate of incumbency for Drex
47,story-document-6-title,Share certificate for Dorling
47,story-document-7-title,Power of attorney for Dorling
47,story-document-8-title,Power of attorney for Lorie
47,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779676-Makhlouf-Rami-Hafezdoc2.html
47,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779677-Makhlouf-Rami-Hafezdoc3.html
47,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779679-Makhlouf-Rami-Hafezdoc4.html
47,story-document-4-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782815-Makhlouf-Rami-Hafezdoc5.html
47,story-document-5-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779683-Makhlouf-Rami-Hafezdoc6.html
47,story-document-6-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779684-Makhlouf-Rami-Hafezdoc7.html
47,story-document-7-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779685-Makhlouf-Rami-Hafezdoc8.html
47,story-document-8-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779686-Makhlouf-Rami-Hafezdoc9.html
47,data-person-1-name,Rami Makhlouf
47,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
47,data-person-1-relationship,Cousin
47,data-person-1-image,R_Makhlouf.png
47,data-person-1-viz-publish,a5213c61
47,data-person-1-comment,Hafez and Rami Makhlouf did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
47,data-person-2-name,Hafez Makhlouf
47,data-person-2-description-if-politician,Head of Damascus Branch of Syria’s General Intelligence Directorate (2008-2014)
47,data-person-2-relationship,Cousin
47,data-person-2-image,H_Makhlouf.png
47,data-person-2-viz-publish,a5213c61
47,data-person-2-comment,
47,linked-person-name,Bashar Assad
47,linked-person-description,President of Syria (2000-present)
47,linked-person-image,B_Assad.png
47,linked-person-association,R
47,linked-person-association-text,Rami and Hafez Makhlouf
48,story-title,Former Buenos Aires finance minister
48,story-subtitle,Néstor Grindetti
48,story-image-if-linked-person,
48,story-narrative,"From July 2010 to June 2013, Grindetti had power of attorney for Mercier International SA, incorporated in Panama in 2010, to handle company funds deposited with Swiss private bank Clariden Leu Limited. The only shares of Mercier were bearer shares, which help obscure ownership of companies. During the period in which Grindetti handled the assets of Mercier, he served as finance minister of Buenos Aires, appointed by Mauricio Macri, who then headed the capital’s government and is now Argentina's president. Grindetti did not disclose his connection to Mercier or to the Swiss bank account in his annual asset disclosure reports from 2010 to 2013."
48,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company used a Swiss bank account
48,story-biography,"Néstor Grindetti served as finance minister of Buenos Aires when the city was led by current Argentine President Mauricio Macri. In December 2015, Grindetti was sworn in as mayor of Lanús, an industrial city south of Buenos Aires but still within the greater Buenos Aires metropolitan area. As economist, Grindetti worked over 25 years for the business empire created by Macri’s father. He also headed the Believe and Grow foundation created in 2001 by the younger Macri. He and the president are both members of center-right political party known as PRO."
48,story-category-code,2
48,story-priority,40
48,story-region-codes,2
48,story-country-1-code,ARG
48,story-country-1-name,Argentina
48,story-document-1-title,Resolution given Grindetti control of Swiss bank account
48,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782939-Grindetti-Nestordoc1r.html
48,data-person-1-name,Néstor Grindetti
48,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"Mayor of Lanus, Argentina (2015-present); Minister of Treasury in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (2007-2015)"
48,data-person-1-relationship,
48,data-person-1-image,N_Grindetti.png
48,data-person-1-viz-publish,f732f44a
48,data-person-1-comment,"Grindetti said he would not respond because he faced ""a great political challenge"" and didn't ""have time to reply."""
49,story-title,Iceland's prime minister
49,story-subtitle,Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson
49,story-image-if-linked-person,
49,story-narrative,"Gunnlaugsson and Pálsdóttir owned a British Virgin Islands shell company called Wintris Inc., which held nearly $4 million in bonds in the three major Icelandic banks. Those banks collapsed in 2008, and Gunnlaugsson campaigned against bailing out foreign creditors. It is unclear whether Gunnlaugsson’s political positions benefited or hurt the value of the bonds held by Wintris. In 2009, Gunnlaugsson entered parliament but failed to declare his ownership of Wintris. On the last day of 2009, he sold his 50 percent share in Wintris to Pálsdóttir for a dollar. Mossack Fonseca noted in April 2013 that Pálsdóttir was a so-called politically exposed person, but internal records suggest the firm did nothing about it."
49,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company held millions of dollars worth of bonds in Iceland banks that failed
49,story-biography,"Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson is the prime minister of Iceland. A former journalist and radio personality, Gunnlaugsson helped lead a campaign against bank bailouts after the Icelandic financial crisis in 2008 and became chairman of the Progressive Party shortly thereafter. He entered parliament in 2009 and led the Progressives to victory in 2013, becoming at age 38 the nation’s youngest prime minister. His wife, Anna Sigurlaug Pálsdóttir, is the daughter of a wealthy Toyota dealer in Iceland."
49,story-category-code,0
49,story-priority,3
49,story-region-codes,4
49,story-country-1-code,ISL
49,story-country-1-name,Iceland
49,story-country-2-code,LUX
49,story-country-2-name,Luxembourg
49,story-country-3-code,VGB
49,story-country-3-name,"Virgin Islands, British"
49,story-document-1-title,Share certificates show the couple as owners of Wintris
49,story-document-2-title,Anna Sigurlaug Pálsdóttir's passport
49,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779716-Gunnlaugsson-Singurlagdoc2.html
49,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779717-Gunnlaugsson-Singurlagdoc3.html
49,data-person-1-name,Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson
49,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Prime minister of Iceland (2013–present); Member of Parliament (2009–present); Chairman of the Progressive Party (2009-present)
49,data-person-1-relationship,
49,data-person-1-image,S_D_Gunnlaugsson.png
49,data-person-1-viz-publish,5eab4965
49,data-person-1-comment,"Asked if he had ever owned an offshore company in a television interview in March, Gunnlaugsson said no. “Myself? No. Well, the Icelandic companies I have worked with had connections with offshore companies, even the — what's it called? The worker's unions. So it would have been through such arrangements, but I have always given all of my assets and that of my family up for taxes. ""A spokesman said in a subsequent statement that ""the Prime Minister and his wife have adhered to Icelandic law, including declaring all assets, securities and income in Icelandic tax returns since 2008.”"
50,story-title,Azerbaijan's first family
50,story-subtitle,"Prime Minister Ilham Aliyev's wife, children and sister"
50,story-image-if-linked-person,Aliyeva_Story.png
50,story-narrative,"In 2005, President Aliyev's wife, Mehriban Aliyeva, was named as one of two managers of the Panamanian UF Universe Foundation, incorporated in 2003. Under a complex proposal submitted to Mossack Fonseca in 2005, UF Universe Foundation would have ultimate control of AtaHolding, a major Azeri conglomerate. The 2005 proposal named President Aliyev's three children in addition to other senior members of Azerbaijan's tax office as beneficiaries. Two secretive companies central to this proposal were established through Mossack Fonseca although it is unclear whether or not the proposal was ever adopted. The UF Universe Foundation was inactivated in January 2007, but in January 2014, its representative asked Mossack Fonseca to reactivate it. In addition, Aliyev's daughters controlled a Panama-incorporated company and two others in the British Virgin Islands. The Panamanian company held a significant stake in a consortium of companies exploring goldfields in Azerbaijan. Aliyev's sister was the sole shareholder and owner of a BVI company registered in December 2005. Registration records list her at an address in a West London neighborhood where average home prices touch $9 million."
50,story-narrative-summary,"Sprawling offshore complex held interests in gold mining, real estate and a business conglomerate"
50,story-biography,"The family of Azerbaijan President Ilham Aliyev leads a charmed, glamorous life, thanks in part to financial interests in almost every sector of the economy. His wife, Mehriban, comes from the privileged and powerful Pashayev family that owns banks, insurance and construction companies, a television station and a line of cosmetics. She has led the Heydar Aliyev Foundation, Azerbaijan’s pre-eminent charity behind the construction of schools, hospitals and the country’s major sports complex. Their eldest daughter, Leyla, editor of Baku magazine, and her sister, Arzu, have financial stakes in a firm that won rights to mine for gold in the western village of Chovdar and Azerfon, the country’s largest mobile phone business. Arzu is also a significant shareholder in SW Holding, which controls nearly every operation related to Azerbaijan Airlines (""Azal""), from meals to airport taxis. Both sisters and brother Heydar own property in Dubai valued at roughly $75 million in 2010; Heydar is the legal owner of nine luxury mansions in Dubai purchased for some $44 million. The president’s sister, Sevil Aliyeva, a longtime London resident, founded Space TV, a news and entertainment channel in Azerbaijan."
50,story-category-code,1
50,story-priority,13
50,story-region-codes,6
50,story-country-1-code,AZE
50,story-country-1-name,Azerbaijan
50,story-document-1-title,Results of a search of Hughson Management
50,story-document-2-title,Exchange of letters between Mossack Fonseca's London and Panama offices
50,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782969-Aliyev-Familydoc2r.html
50,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774427-Aliyev-Familydoc3.html
50,story-corrections,
50,story-updates,"Heydar Aliyev's visualization was updated on May 12, 2016."
50,data-person-1-name,Mehriban Aliyeva
50,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
50,data-person-1-relationship,Wife
50,data-person-1-image,M_Aliyeva.png
50,data-person-1-viz-publish,33321528
50,data-person-1-comment,The Aliyev family did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
50,data-person-2-name,Leyla Aliyeva
50,data-person-2-description-if-politician,
50,data-person-2-relationship,Daughter
50,data-person-2-image,L_Aliyeva.png
50,data-person-2-viz-publish,4c040978
50,data-person-2-comment,
50,data-person-3-name,Arzu Aliyeva
50,data-person-3-description-if-politician,
50,data-person-3-relationship,Daughter
50,data-person-3-image,A_Aliyeva.png
50,data-person-3-viz-publish,4c040978
50,data-person-3-comment,
50,data-person-4-name,Heydar Aliyev
50,data-person-4-description-if-politician,
50,data-person-4-relationship,Son
50,data-person-4-image,H_Aliyev.png
50,data-person-4-viz-publish,23339d2b
50,data-person-4-comment,
50,data-person-5-name,Sevil Aliyeva
50,data-person-5-description-if-politician,
50,data-person-5-relationship,Sister
50,data-person-5-image,S_Aliyeva.png
50,data-person-5-viz-publish,58279554
50,data-person-5-comment,
50,linked-person-name,Ilham Aliyev
50,linked-person-description,President of Azerbaijan (2003-present)
50,linked-person-image,I_Aliyev.png
50,linked-person-association,R
50,linked-person-association-text,"Prime Minister Ilham Aliyev's wife, children and sister"
51,story-title,Linked to suspected bribe paid to Brazilian legislative leader
51,story-subtitle,Idalécio de Oliveira
51,story-image-if-linked-person,Oliveira_Story.png
51,story-narrative,"Idalécio de Oliveira owned a conglomerate he called the ""Lusitania Group,"" made up of 14 companies incorporated in the British Virgin Islands from 2003 to 2011, with interests in oil, gas and mining operations. In October 2015, a report by Brazil's attorney general connected De Oliveira to Brazil’s Lava Jato (""Car Wash"") corruption scandal. In 2011, Brazil's state-owned energy company Petrobras bought a 50 percent stake of an oil field in Benin controlled by de Oliveira’s companies. Twelve of his 14 offshore companies were incorporated just months before his agreement with Petrobras. According to the attorney general's report, in May 2011, de Oliveira wired $10 million to a Swiss bank account held by João Augusto Rezende Henriques, a lobbyist for Brazilian party PMDB, through Acona International Investments Limited, a Seychelles company also registered by Mossack Fonseca in 2010. Over the next several weeks, the report said, Rezende Henriques wired $1.5 million to a Swiss bank account controlled by Eduardo Cunha, president of Brazil’s Chamber of Deputies and a member since 2003."
51,story-narrative-summary,Most of his offshore companies involved in Brazilian scandal were created just before disputed deal
51,story-biography,"Idalécio de Castro Rodrigues de Oliveira is a Portuguese corporate executive who, according to Brazil's attorney general, supplied money that was paid as a suspected bribe to Eduardo Cunha, the president of Brazil’s Chamber of Deputies, currently under indictment for alleged corruption. De Oliveira is the chief executive of the Lusitania Group, which purchased certain oil licenses in West Africa in 2011 and entered into a partnership with Petrobras, Brazil’s oil giant, which is currently at the heart of the country’s largest-ever corruption probe. Cunha has repeatedly denied accusations against him and recently told reporters, ""I am not worried… I will continue to work.” ."
51,story-category-code,3
51,story-priority,65
51,story-region-codes,2; 4
51,story-country-1-code,BRA
51,story-country-1-name,Brazil
51,story-country-2-code,PRT
51,story-country-2-name,Portugal
51,story-document-1-title,Lusitania Petroleum approves changing agents
51,story-document-2-title,Indictment issued in October 2015
51,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779573-De-Oliveira-Idaleciodoc2.html
51,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2781734-De-Oliveira-Idaleciodoc3.html
51,data-person-1-name,Idalécio de Oliveira
51,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
51,data-person-1-relationship,Associate
51,data-person-1-image,S_Man.png
51,data-person-1-viz-publish,8b2cbf0d
51,data-person-1-comment,"De Oliveira did not respond to repeated requests for comment. Cunha's press office released a statement that said he vehemently denies the allegations and added that he ""defies anyone to prove that he is related to any offshore company."""
51,linked-person-name,Eduardo Cunha
51,linked-person-description,President of Brazil's Chamber of Deputies (2015-present); Member of the Chamber of Deputies (2003-present)
51,linked-person-image,E_Cunha.png
51,linked-person-association,A
51,linked-person-association-text,Idalécio de Oliveira
52,story-title,Malta's minister of energy and health
52,story-subtitle,Konrad Mizzi
52,story-image-if-linked-person,
52,story-narrative,"In July 2013, four months after Mizzi joined the Maltese government, an accounting firm in Malta bought several Panamanian companies from Mossack Fonseca, including Hearnville Inc. In June 2015, Mizzi established a trust in New Zealand that is the shareholder of Hearnville. The beneficiaries of this trust are his wife — Malta's consul in Shanghai — and two children. In June 2015 Mizzi told Mossack Fonseca he would use Hearnville as a management consultancy and brokerage firm. On this last point, Mizzi said that he filled out a ""standard category wording that was included in a template form which was part of the company acquisition process."""
52,story-narrative-summary,Panama offshore company owned by a family trust
52,story-biography,"Konrad Mizzi is the minister of energy and health of the Republic of Malta. He was elected to Parliament in 2013 and became the deputy leader of Malta’s ruling Labour Party in February 2016. Given Mizzi’s quick rise, one pundit called the minister “one of the most successful politicians in recent history.” Later in February, following media reports, Mizzi announced he would close an offshore company in Panama owned by a New Zealand trust he had created. Mizzi said he had declared the company and said he was closing it in the interest of transparency. Malta's main opposition party has called for an investigation."
52,story-category-code,2
52,story-priority,45
52,story-region-codes,4
52,story-country-1-code,MLT
52,story-country-1-name,Malta
52,story-document-1-title,Acknowledges shares in Hearnville are owned by Mizzi
52,story-document-2-title,New Zealand document creating trust
52,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782979-Mizzi-Konraddoc1r.html
52,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774415-Mizzi-Konraddoc2.html
52,data-person-1-name,Konrad Mizzi
52,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"Maltese Minister for Energy and Health (2014-present); Deputy Leader for Party Affairs, Labour Party of Malta (2016-present)"
52,data-person-1-relationship,
52,data-person-1-image,K_Mizzi.png
52,data-person-1-viz-publish,2518461d
52,data-person-1-comment,"A law firm representing Mizzi said the Panama company Hearnville Inc. was acquired ""to hold a London property"" owned with his wife. The company, which the law firm said has no assets nor bank accounts, was owned by a family trust under an arrangement recommended by professional advisers. The trust was registered in New Zealand, where the law firm noted trustees ""are obliged to declare relevant information to the New Zealand tax authorities, who in turn will share this information with the Maltese tax authorities. The firm also said Mizzi ""declared his interest in the Company and the Trust in his 2015 Ministerial Declaration of Assets at the first available opportunity."" Mizzi has asked Malta's tax authorities to audit his financial affairs and has said that he will close Hearnville once it is complete."
53,story-title,Daughter of former Chinese Premier
53,story-subtitle,Li Xiaolin
53,story-image-if-linked-person,Xiaolin_Story.png
53,story-narrative,"Li Xiaolin and her husband Liu Zhiyuan were the beneficial owners of “Fondation Silo,” a Lichtenstein foundation that was the sole shareholder of “Cofic Investments Ltd.,” a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands when her father Li Peng was prime minister of China. The couple’s Swiss lawyer told Mossack Fonseca that Cofic’s source of funds was business profits from helping other clients of his law firm export heavy machinery from Europe to China. Mossack Fonseca appears not to have realized Li Xiaolin was the daughter of a former Chinese premier. To assist a background check by Mossack Fonseca, Li’s lawyer submitted a passport issued to her by the Hong Kong special administrative region and a cover letter in which he refers to her as “Xiaolin Liu-Li,” which may have made linking her to Li Peng more difficult."
53,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company's profits attributed to heavy machinery exports
53,story-biography,"Li Xiaolin is the second child and only daughter of former Chinese Premier Li Peng. She was the vice president of China Power Investment Corporation, a state-run power company and served as a delegate to the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference or CPPCC, an advisory body to the Chinese legislature. She has been called China’s “Power Queen.”"
53,story-category-code,1
53,story-priority,15
53,story-region-codes,6
53,story-country-1-code,CHN
53,story-country-1-name,China
53,story-document-1-title,Document identifies Mrs. Xiaolin Liu-Li and her husband as owners
53,story-document-2-title,Li Xiaolin's passport
53,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774440-Xiaolin-Lidoc1.html
53,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774441-Xiaolin-Lidoc2.html
53,data-person-1-name,Li Xiaolin
53,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
53,data-person-1-relationship,Daughter
53,data-person-1-image,L_Xiaolin.png
53,data-person-1-viz-publish,531aa706
53,data-person-1-comment,"Geneva-based lawyer, Charles-Andre Junod, who was a director of Cofic Investments, declined to comment but said he has always respected relevant laws. Li Xiaolin did not respond to repeated requests for comment."
53,linked-person-name,Li Peng
53,linked-person-description,Premier of the People's Republic of China (1988-1998); Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (1998-2003)
53,linked-person-image,L_Peng.png
53,linked-person-association,R
53,linked-person-association-text,Li Xiaolin
54,story-title,Arrested in Senegal alongside ex-minister
54,story-subtitle,Mamadou Pouye
54,story-image-if-linked-person,Pouye_Story.png
54,story-narrative,"Pouye first appeared in Mossack Fonseca's files in October 2008, instructing the law firm to open a bank account for the Panama company Seabury Inc. Between December 2008 and August 2012, two companies connected to Pouye — the Panamanian Latvae Group, of which he was shareholder, and Seabury, in which his role was unspecified — signed contracts worth about $35 million for consulting and advisory services relating to the port in Senegal's capital, Dakar. At the corruption trial against Pouye and Karim Wade, which has been criticized by the United Nations and human rights organizations for violating the rights of Wade, Pouye and others, authorities alleged that they enriched themselves through government contracts, involving the port, the airport and other activities."
54,story-narrative-summary,"Offshore companies received millions for consulting services related to the port in Senegal's capital, Dakar."
54,story-biography,"Mamadou Pouye is a childhood friend of Karim Wade, who is the son of Senegal's former President Abdoulaye Wade and held several key ministries during his father's presidency. Karim Wade and Pouye were arrested in April 2013 after investigations into a corruption scandal in which Wade and associates were charged with llegally amassing assets worth $240 million. Following periods of detention and a trial in Senegal that has been criticized by the United Nations and human rights organizations for violating the rights of Wade, Pouye and others, Wade was sentenced to six years in jail in March 2015 by a judge who said that Wade had hidden away funds in offshore companies in the British Virgin Islands and Panama. Pouye, who has been called the mastermind of Wade’s activities, was sentenced to five years in prison for complicity in illegal enrichment. Wade and Pouye denied engaging in any wrongdoing, and Wade and Pouye accuse the Senegalese government of a witch hunt."
54,story-category-code,3
54,story-priority,70
54,story-region-codes,3
54,story-country-1-code,SEN
54,story-country-1-name,Senegal
54,story-document-1-title,Pouye grants indemnity to Mossack Fonseca for providing directors
54,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778825-Pouye-Mamadoudoc1.html
54,data-person-1-name,Mamadou Pouye
54,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
54,data-person-1-relationship,Friend
54,data-person-1-image,S_Man.png
54,data-person-1-viz-publish,b98a2c44
54,data-person-1-comment,"An attorney for Pouye said he had not had sufficient time to meet with him in prison and noted that his detention ""unanimously denounced by the most eminent jurists, human rights defense organizations (Amnesty International, International Federation of Human Rights, African Assembly for the defense of Human Rights, etc) not to mention the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention."" Wade's lawyers did not respond to requests for comment."
54,linked-person-name,Karim Wade
54,linked-person-description,Former minister in Senegal (2009-2012)
54,linked-person-image,K_Wade.png
54,linked-person-association,A
54,linked-person-association-text,Mamadou Pouye
55,story-title,Close associate of Chilean intelligence agency official
55,story-subtitle,Alfredo Ovalle Rodríguez
55,story-image-if-linked-person,
55,story-narrative,"In 2002, Alfredo Ovalle Rodriguez and Raimundo Langlois Vicuña were given a power of attorney for Sierra Leona SA, a Panamanian company created in 1987. Both men are directors of the Chilean mining group Minera Las Cenizas. They used Sierra Leona to invest in the mining and food distribution sectors in Chile; to receive their dividends from their investments; and to open bank accounts, including accounts at Terrabank in Miami, HSBC Bank in Panama, Bank American Express, Credit Suisse, Multibank and Banco General.  Only Credicorp Bank declined opening a bank account, in 2013, after it learned Ovalle was the owner. Both men also own Cibelys SA, a Panamanian company managed by a law firm."
55,story-narrative-summary,Offshore firm invested in mining and food distribution
55,story-biography,"Alfredo Ovalle Rodríguez was president of Chile's largest and most important business organization from 2006 to 2008. He was also president of the Chilean National Mining Society (Sonami) from 2005 until resigning in late 2009 following questions raised by the Chilean Center for Investigative Journalism, CIPER, about his longtime ties to the former head of finance for DINA, a secret police force under former President Augusto Pinochet. Ovalle was the link between DINA’s Humberto Olavarría Aranguren, who was his partner in domestic and foreign companies, and former Panama President Guillermo Endara, who had explained the value of incorporating in Panama to Ovalle during the 1960s in New York. Endara helped Olavarría create companies tied to Operation Condor, which involved terrorist attacks on political dissenters, including the 1976 Washington, D.C. car-bomb assassination of a former Chilean ambassador to the United States."
55,story-category-code,2
55,story-priority,56
55,story-region-codes,2
55,story-country-1-code,CHL
55,story-country-1-name,Chile
55,story-document-1-title,Letter introducing Ovalle to Credicorp Bank
55,story-document-2-title,Alfredo Ovalle's passport
55,story-document-3-title,Minutes of the board of directors of Sierra Leona
55,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774452-Ovalle-Alfredodoc1.html
55,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774463-Ovalle-Alfredodoc2.html
55,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774466-Ovalle-Alfredodoc3.html
55,data-person-1-name,Alfredo Ovalle Rodríguez
55,data-person-1-description-if-politician,President of the Chilean Confederation of Production and Commerce (2006-2008); President of trade association Sociedad Nacional de Minería (Sonami) (2005-2009)
55,data-person-1-relationship,
55,data-person-1-image,A_Ovalle.png
55,data-person-1-viz-publish,722e2309
55,data-person-1-comment,Ovalle did not respond to a request for comment.
56,story-title,Former adviser to Ecuador's spy agency
56,story-subtitle,Javier Molina Bonilla
56,story-image-if-linked-person,Molina_Story.png
56,story-narrative,"In 2007 Molina Bonilla and three other partners reached an agreement with Mossack Fonseca to represent the Panamanian law firm in Ecuador. Molina Bonilla negotiated terms for starting up Mossack Fonseca & Co. (Quito) Ltd., incorporated in the Seychelles for the purpose of selling offshore companies to Ecuadorian clients. Molina Bonilla worked there until the end of 2011. Then he moved to Corporate Consulting Group Inc., another law firm that was registered in Anguilla by Mossack Fonseca in 2011 and inactivated in 2014. After he helped set up Mossack Fonseca Quito, Molina Bonilla was owner, shareholder and/or officer of nearly 20 companies operating in five different offshore jurisdictions. Some remained active as of the end of 2015. During the period Molina Bonilla was involved with offshore companies, he was the director in 2007 of the state-owned company Avindac, which provided airport services, and from 2014 to 2015, adviser to the National Intelligence Secretariat, an agency under the direct supervision of Ecuador’s president."
56,story-narrative-summary,Ran offshore companies while advising Ecuador's intelligence agency
56,story-biography,"Javier Molina Bonilla, a polyglot and attorney, worked for Ecuador’s spy agency, the National Intelligence Secretariat (Senain). Senain is a prolific purchaser of spy technology and was recently outed for having hacked the email and Facebook accounts of an opposition politician. Bonilla previously worked as a representative of Mossack Fonseca in Quito, Ecuador’s capital."
56,story-category-code,3
56,story-priority,74
56,story-region-codes,2
56,story-country-1-code,ECU
56,story-country-1-name,Ecuador
56,story-document-1-title,Contract launching Mossack Fonseca brand in Ecuador
56,story-document-2-title,Molina Bonilla transfers his shares in Segal Ltd.
56,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774398-Molina-Javierdoc1.html
56,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778732-Molina-Javierdoc2.html
56,story-corrections,
56,story-updates,
56,data-person-1-name,Javier Molina Bonilla
56,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
56,data-person-1-relationship,Former advisor to Ecuador's Intelligence Agency
56,data-person-1-image,S_Man.png
56,data-person-1-viz-publish,b613befb
56,data-person-1-comment,"Molina Bonilla said he appeared as a shareholder or officer in nearly 20 offshore companies because of his role as a founding partner of Mossack Fonseca & Co. (Quito) Ltd. from 2007 to 2011. ""Needless to say, the partners of Ecuador appeared as shareholders and directors of the new companies ... at random until they were purchased by our clients,"" he said. An exception was Corporate Consulting Group Inc., which was his. He added that he was a temporary adviser to the National Intelligence Secretariat, not a member of its permanent staff. ""I just sent a monthly invoice, and I don't work for them anymore, as I am an independent lawyer,"" he said."
56,linked-person-name,Rommy Vallejo
56,linked-person-description,Anti-corruption adviser to Ecuadorean President Rafael Correa (2007-2014); Head of the National Intelligence Secretariat (2014-present)
56,linked-person-image,R_Vallejo.png
56,linked-person-association,A
56,linked-person-association-text,Javier Molina Bonilla
57,story-title,Saudi crown prince
57,story-subtitle,Mohammad bin Naif bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud
57,story-image-if-linked-person,
57,story-narrative,"On Oct. 1, 2007, the Paris branch of Swiss bank UBS bought the Panamanian companies Alyneth Limited and Havelock Capital Corporation from Mossack Fonseca. Two days later UBS said that opening a bank account for Havelock Capital Corporation was ""extremely urgent"". The same day, Al-Saud was granted a power of attorney for both companies and their bank accounts at UBS. In March 2014 Al-Saud closed Havelock's bank account, and the company was inactivated in April 2014."
57,story-narrative-summary,UBS bankers used offshore companies to open bank accounts for Saudi crown prince
57,story-biography,"Mohammad bin Naif bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud, Saudi Arabia’s interior minister and counterterrorism chief, is next in line to the throne after King Salman elevated him twice in the line of succession in 2015. Known as smart and pragmatic, the crown prince has focused mainly on threats from the Islamic State group and Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and has survived several assassination attempts, including one by an Al Qaeda suicide bomber in the Arabian Peninsula in 2009. He is seen as a strong United States ally, though his support for civil reforms and human rights has been called into question. He has drawn angry rebukes for his handling of the investigation into the deaths of thousands of pilgrims in the Haj in Mecca last September."
57,story-category-code,2
57,story-priority,51
57,story-region-codes,6; 5
57,story-country-1-code,SAU
57,story-country-1-name,Saudi Arabia
57,story-document-1-title,The crown prince's share certificate for Alyneth
57,story-document-2-title,Power of attorney for Havelock Capital bank account
57,story-document-3-title,Power of attorney for Alyeth bank account
57,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774386-Al-Saud-Mohammaddoc1.html
57,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778730-Al-Saud-Mohammaddoc2.html
57,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778731-Al-Saud-Mohammaddoc3.html
57,data-person-1-name,Mohammad bin Naif bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud
57,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Crown Prince (2015-present); Interior Minister (2012-present)
57,data-person-1-relationship,
57,data-person-1-image,A_Saud.png
57,data-person-1-viz-publish,1f2e0415
57,data-person-1-comment,Al Saud did not respond to a request for comment sent through the Saudi Ministry of Interior.
58,story-title,Former president of Sudan
58,story-subtitle,Ahmad Ali al-Mirghani
58,story-image-if-linked-person,
58,story-narrative,"Al-Mirghani was the owner of the British Virgin Islands company Orange Star Corporation, created in 1995. That same year, Orange Star Corporation purchased a long lease of an apartment in an expensive area of London north of Hyde Park for more than $600,000 . At the time of al-Mirghani’s death, he held assets through the company worth $2.72 million."
58,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company owned a London apartment
58,story-biography,"Ahmad Ali al-Mirghani, who died in November 2008, was the democratically-elected president of Sudan from May 1986 until he was overthrown by a coup in June 1989 by the current president General Omar al-Bashir. Al-Mirghani belonged to an eminent family that traced its lineage back to the Prophet Muhammad. Following the coup, al-Mirghani sought exile in Egypt, from where he maintained an important role in the opposition Democratic Unionist Party. He remained based in Egypt until his death."
58,story-category-code,0
58,story-priority,9
58,story-region-codes,3
58,story-country-1-code,SDN
58,story-country-1-name,Sudan
58,story-document-1-title,Resolution opening Orange Star bank account
58,story-document-2-title,Shares issued to be held in trust for al-Mirgani
58,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778729-Al-Mirghani-Ahmaddoc1.html
58,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774382-Al-Mirghani-Ahmaddoc2.html
58,data-person-1-name,Ahmad Ali al-Mirghani
58,data-person-1-description-if-politician,President of Sudan (1986-1989)
58,data-person-1-relationship,
58,data-person-1-image,A_Mirghani.png
58,data-person-1-viz-publish,78f58f7d
58,data-person-1-comment,Al-Mirghani's estate did not respond to repeated requests for comment. Al-Mirghani died in 2008.
59,story-title,"Long-time, high-ranking Ecuadoran official"
59,story-subtitle,Galo Chiriboga
59,story-image-if-linked-person,
59,story-narrative,"In 1999, Chiriboga, then a lawyer in private practice, was hired to collect a debt from a couple who owned a house in the exclusive residential area of La Viña. In November that year, Chiriboga created Madrigal Finance Corp. in Panama, and in December, in order to buy the house, the company granted him a power of attorney including “full authorization to set the price of the property.” Madrigal Finance purchased it for less than $2,800. The former owners later sued Chiriboga for fraud, as they estimated it was worth about $1 million. He finally prevailed, with the court ruling that the couple had not proven the property's actual value. From 2005, when he was appointed labor minister, to now as Ecuador’s attorney general, he has been inconsistent in disclosing his connection to the company when he declared his assets. Weeks before he took office as attorney general in July 2011, his wife María Victoria Espinal asked Mossack Fonseca to remove Chiriboga and other directors of Madrigal and to replace them with nominees supplied by the Panamanian law firm, although her husband remained the sole shareholder."
59,story-narrative-summary,"Offshore company got a bargain on house in exclusive neighborhood, triggering lawsuit"
59,story-biography,"Galo Chiriboga is an Ecuadorian lawyer and politician. Chiriboga is currently Ecuador’s attorney general. He previously served as minister for labor, minister for mines and petroleum and ambassador to Spain. He is a distant relative of Ecuador’s president, Rafael Correa."
59,story-category-code,2
59,story-priority,47
59,story-region-codes,2
59,story-country-1-code,ECU
59,story-country-1-name,Ecuador
59,story-document-1-title,Chiriboga listed as sole shareholder
59,story-document-2-title,Power of attorney to Chiriboga to purchase a house in Quito
59,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774371-Chiriboga-Galodoc1.html
59,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774373-Chiriboga-Galodoc2.html
59,story-corrections,
59,story-updates,"Response updated on April 14, 2016."
59,data-person-1-name,Galo Chiriboga
59,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Ecuador’s Attorney General (2011-present); Minister of Mining and Petroleum (2007-2008)
59,data-person-1-relationship,
59,data-person-1-image,G_Chiriboga.png
59,data-person-1-viz-publish,90957d65
59,data-person-1-comment,"Chiriboga did not respond to repeated requests for comment. On April 13, in an interview with El Universo, Chirigoba said he is a stockholder  ""in a company that in turn holds a property.” Asked why he did not state that fact in his asset declarations between 2005 and 2008, he said, “I think I declared my shareholding when I became the general attorney in 2011.” "
60,story-title,Former prime minister of Jordan
60,story-subtitle,Ali Abu al-Ragheb
60,story-image-if-linked-person,
60,story-narrative,"In July 2003, just months before he resigned as prime minister, Ali Abu al-Ragheb and his wife Yusra became directors of the British Virgin Islands company Jaar Investment Ltd., which held an account with Arab Bank in Geneva, Switzerland. The company was inactivated in August 2008. Earlier in 2008 they became directors of Jay Investment Holdings Ltd also based in the British Virgin Islands. In neither case were the companies' activities identified. Until December 2014 al-Ragheb also owned three Seychelles companies. His children were involved as directors in several additional BVI companies, including Desertstar Investment Capital Ltd., which also held an account at Arab Bank in Geneva  that was used to invest in Jordan."
60,story-narrative-summary,"Al-Ragheb was director of offshore companies in British Virgin Islands, owned others in Seychelles"
60,story-biography,"The career arc of Jordan’s Ali Abu al-Ragheb, a U.S.-educated engineer, took him from the business world, where he was an engineering company executive for almost 20 years, to the public arena of Parliament and cabinet ministries overseeing industry, trade, energy and mineral resources. He developed plans for King Abdullah II’s proposed special economic zone around the port of Aqaba, work that helped make him the king’s favorite for prime minister in 2000. Though al-Ragheb focused on boosting the economy and attracting foreign investment, his tenure was marred by a crackdown on civil liberties amid rising anger over the U.S. invasion of neighboring Iraq and lagging political reforms. He resigned in 2003 and joined the boards of Jordan’s leading finance and insurance companies."
60,story-category-code,0
60,story-priority,5
60,story-region-codes,6; 5
60,story-country-1-code,JOR
60,story-country-1-name,Jordan
60,story-document-1-title,Abu-Ragheb's share certificate for Jaar
60,story-document-2-title,Appointment of directors of Jaar
60,story-document-3-title,Appointment as director of Oriental
60,story-document-4-title,Memorandum of director of Genstar
60,story-document-5-title,Share certificates of Jay Investment
60,story-document-6-title,Appointment of directors of Transmar
60,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778700-Abu-Ragheb-Alidoc1.html
60,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778697-Abu-Ragheb-Alidoc2.html
60,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778701-Abu-Ragheb-Alidoc3.html
60,story-document-4-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2771770-Abu-Ragheb-Alidoc4.html
60,story-document-5-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774363-Abu-Ragheb-Alidoc5.html
60,story-document-6-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2771776-Abu-Ragheb-Alidoc6.html
60,data-person-1-name,Ali Abu al-Ragheb
60,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"Prime Minister of Jordan and Minister of Defense (2000-2003); Member, Senate (2003-2010)"
60,data-person-1-relationship,
60,data-person-1-image,A_Abu_Al_Ragheb.png
60,data-person-1-viz-publish,cc5c341a
60,data-person-1-comment,Al-Ragheb did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
61,story-title,Algeria's Minister of Industry and Mines
61,story-subtitle,Abdeslam Bouchouareb
61,story-image-if-linked-person,
61,story-narrative,"Abdeslam Bouchouareb has been the sole owner of the Panamanian company Royal Arrival Corp., which was created in April 2015, since July 2015 . Through this company, Bouchouareb held a Swiss bank account at NBAD Private Bank SA. He managed Royal Arrival Corp. via a Luxembourg company, Compagnie d'Etude et de Conseil (CEC). In emails sent to Mossack Fonseca, CEC said the activities of Royal Arrival Corp. were commercial representation and negotiation, commercial contracts, public works, railway and maritime transport, which took place in Turkey, the United Kingdom and in Algeria. When Mossack Fonseca requested information about Bouchouareb, a form submitted by CEC identified him as the ""Minister of Industry and Mines""."
61,story-narrative-summary,"Offshore company said to be used for business activities in Turkey, the United Kingdom and Algeria"
61,story-biography,"Abdeslam Bouchouareb is a member of Parliament and current minister of industry and mines in Algeria. A former business executive, Bouchouareb entered politics in 1994. He served as minister of industry from 1996, minister of employment from 2000 and vice president of the National Assembly in 2012. In 2014, the same year he became minister of industry and mines, Bouchouareb worked as the communications director of Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika."
61,story-category-code,2
61,story-priority,38
61,story-region-codes,3
61,story-country-1-code,DZA
61,story-country-1-name,Algeria
61,story-document-1-title,Document identifies Bouchouareb as owner
61,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782980-Abdessalam-Bouchouarebdoc1r.html
61,data-person-1-name,Abdeslam Bouchouareb
61,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Algerian Minister of Industry and Mines (2014-present); Member of Parliament (2002-present)
61,data-person-1-relationship,
61,data-person-1-image,A_Bouchouareb.png
61,data-person-1-viz-publish,3e1b4be1
61,data-person-1-comment,"A Luxembourg financial firm that set up the company for Bouchouareb, confirmed his ownership, noting that it ""was constituted in all transparency."" It was set up to own and manage inherited property, the firm said. Because of Bouchouareb's ministerial position, ""We, with his agreement, decided to delay any use of the company, and the opening of the bank account at NBAD Geneva was never finalized...Mr. Bouchouareb asked us to freeze this company for the duration of his public mandates."""
62,story-title,Senior judge in Botswana
62,story-subtitle,Ian Kirby
62,story-image-if-linked-person,
62,story-narrative,"Kirby, president of Botswana's Court of Appeal, was one of dozens of shareholders of seven British Virgin Islands companies. He first appeared in documents sent to Mossack Fonseca as a shareholder of Bellbrook Estates Limited in May 2005, while Kirby was attorney general of Botswana. Bellbrook Estates Limited carried out unspecified activities in the United Kingdom, according to a 2014 list by Mossack Fonseca of active companies for which it served as registered agent. Although specific details of the offshore companies in which Kirby held shares are not available, at least three of those BVI firms held properties, including commercial real estate, in the United Kingdom."
62,story-narrative-summary,"One of many shareholders in offshore companies, some of which owned UK real estate"
62,story-biography,"Ian Stuart Kirby, born in 1945, has served as president of the Court of Appeal in Botswana since 2010. A former private attorney and tax specialist, Kirby was Botswana’s deputy attorney general from 1990 to 2000 and served as a High Court judge from 2000 until late 2003, when he ascended to the post of attorney general. He eventually returned to the High Court bench in 2006. Kirby founded the Mokolodi Wildlife Foundation and was lead counsel for a commission that led to the creation of Botswana’s Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime."
62,story-category-code,2
62,story-priority,57
62,story-region-codes,3
62,story-country-1-code,BWA
62,story-country-1-name,Botswana
62,story-document-1-title,Kirby listed as shareholder of Bellbrook Estates
62,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774321-Kirby-Iandoc1.html
62,data-person-1-name,Ian Kirby
62,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"President, Botswana Court of Appeal (2010-present); Attorney General (2003-2005)"
62,data-person-1-relationship,
62,data-person-1-image,I_Kirby.png
62,data-person-1-viz-publish,0a3cf4fd
62,data-person-1-comment,"Kirby said that the companies were special purpose vehicles formed by a joint venture to acquire, develop and resell a particular property in the UK, as an investment. He said that he and his wife were persuaded to invest a portion of their savings in the companies in hopes of receiving a return on investment that would keep them ahead of inflation, investing the minimum allowed, he said. ""One or two have worked out, but most not, because the worldwide recession intervened. Overall we have lost most of our investment,"" he said. He said that they retain an interest in only two of the companies, one of which they hope will allow them to recover their investment and the other of which they hope may provide a modest profit."
63,story-title,Personal secretary to the King of Morocco
63,story-subtitle,Mounir Majidi
63,story-image-if-linked-person,Majidi_Story.png
63,story-narrative,"In March 2006, Mounir Majidi received power of attorney privileges for SMCD Limited, which was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands in 2005. In January 2006, SMCD Limited authorized the purchase of a luxury 1930s schooner “Aquarius W” and put Majidi in charge of handling the transaction. After the purchase, the vessel was registered in Morocco. Renamed “El Boughaz I,” the schooner is now owned by King Mohammed VI. SMCD Limited was also used to make a loan for an unknown purpose to a Luxembourg-based company, Logimed Investments Co., Sàrl. SMCD Limited was liquidated in 2013. Majidi was also administrator of a Luxembourg company called Immobiliere Orion S.A., which borrowed $42 million in 2003 from a Mossack Fonseca-incorporated company to buy and renovate a luxury Paris apartment. It is unclear who owned the company that lent the money."
63,story-narrative-summary,British Virgin Islands company was used to purchase luxury 1930s schooner used by Morocco's king
63,story-biography,"Mounir Majidi, a businessman and entrepreneur with an MBA degree from Pace University in New York, became the personal secretary to the King Mohammed VI of Morocco, in 2000. Two years later, the king appointed Majidi to be head of SIGER, the holding company of Morocco’s royal family with stakes in mining, agricultural and telecommunications businesses. Majidi, as head of the nonprofit association Maroc Cultures, organizes a popular, star-studded annual world music festival, known as Festival Mawazine in Rabat. He also has been the president of a Rabat-based soccer club."
63,story-category-code,1
63,story-priority,21
63,story-region-codes,3
63,story-country-1-code,MAR
63,story-country-1-name,Morocco
63,story-document-1-title,Power of attorney to purchase luxury schooner
63,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774265-El-Majidi-Mohammeddoc1.html
63,data-person-1-name,Mounir Majidi
63,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
63,data-person-1-relationship,Secretary
63,data-person-1-image,M_Majidi.png
63,data-person-1-viz-publish,9e1d22ea
63,data-person-1-comment,"A lawyer for Majidi said, ""The two companies to which you refer were created in strict accordance with laws in place and their existence is available from public registers."""
63,linked-person-name,Mohammed VI of Morocco
63,linked-person-description,King of Morocco (1999-present)
63,linked-person-image,Mohammed_VI.png
63,linked-person-association,A
63,linked-person-association-text,Mounir Majidi
64,story-title,Venezuelan oil company executive
64,story-subtitle,Jesús Villanueva
64,story-image-if-linked-person,
64,story-narrative,"In March 2009, Mossack Fonseca Luxembourg helped to incorporate Blue Sea Enterprises Corp. in Panama. The main purpose of the company was handling offshore savings accumulated by Villanueva, which were deposited in Swiss EFG Bank. Mossack Fonseca's Luxembourg issued a power of attorney to Villanueva, giving him the right to authorize transactions. However, internal emails showed that the founders of the Panamanian law firm revoked his authority because of “a high risk on doing business with this person” as he had “direct access to the public treasury, and the origin of his funds” could be “questioned at any given moment,"" so the probabilities of a scandal” were “higher.” They referred to him as “a total PEP” or politically exposed person. However, one of the company's partners, Chris Zollinger, favored continuing the business relationship with Villanueva. In January 2010, Mossack Fonseca skirted the PEP problem by granting power of attorney of Blue Sea to his daughter Anny Josefina Villanueva."
64,story-narrative-summary,Mossack Fonseca worried about owner's access to public funds
64,story-biography,"Jesus Villanueva rose quickly within Petroleos de Venezuela (PdVSA), the state oil company, after Hugo Chavez's election as president in 1998. Villanueva served as general auditor, then as a director in 2002, later returning to auditor and then becoming a director again in 2005. A 2006 filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission noted that since he was Audit Committee vice president and also the Audit Committee Financial Expert, Villanueva was not ""independent"" as defined by the New York Stock Exchange. He left the board in 2008, when Chavez replaced six directors but continued as auditor. Villanueva exposed in a 2009 PdVSA confidential memo costly problems with a nationwide food supply network created by Chavez and PdVSA; an audit revealed that only 25 percent of the more than $2.2 million in food imports ordered by mid-2008 had reached Venezuela within six months after payment. PdVSA is currently the focus of a large U.S. investigation into graft, money laundering and other corruption."
64,story-category-code,2
64,story-priority,55
64,story-region-codes,2
64,story-country-1-code,VEN
64,story-country-1-name,"Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of"
64,story-document-1-title,Mossack Fonseca deems a client high risk
64,story-document-2-title,Power of Attorney granted to Villanueva's daughter
64,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774094-Villanueva-Jesusdoc1.html
64,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2774098-Villanueva-Jesusdoc2.html
64,data-person-1-name,Jesús Villanueva
64,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Director of PdVSA (2005-2008); Auditor of PdVSA
64,data-person-1-relationship,
64,data-person-1-image,S_Man.png
64,data-person-1-viz-publish,56f98371
64,data-person-1-comment,"Villanueva's daughter told ICIJ's Venezuelan partner that she has a Panamanian company with ""Blue"" in the name. She declined to discuss any details or to say where her father is."
65,story-title,Deputy chief justice of Kenya's Supreme Court
65,story-subtitle,Kalpana Rawal
65,story-image-if-linked-person,
65,story-narrative,"Rawal and her husband were directors of two companies based in the British Virgin Islands, prior to her joining the nation's Supreme Court. The family used other offshore companies to buy and sell real estate in London and nearby Surrey. Montague Real Estate SA was used in 2004 to buy a London flat for $1.12 million, which they sold in 2006. Innovate Global Limited was used to buy a house in Surrey for $2.74 million and a London apartment which they bought for $967,000 in 2004 and sold for $1.62 million in 2013. Through Arklyn International Limited, they bought another two London apartments, one bought for $1.66 million in 2005 and sold for $2.23 million in 2011, and the other bought for $1.57 million in 2005 and sold for $2.15 million in 2012."
65,story-narrative-summary,Used offshore companies to buy and sell London real estate
65,story-biography,"Kalpana Rawal, who became Kenya's Deputy Chief Justice in June 2013, has been fighting an attempt by the Judicial Services Commission to force her to retire from Kenya’s Supreme Court on her 70th birthday in January 2016. She filed suit in September, arguing she was appointed under a previous constitution that let judges work until they turn 74. In December , a five-judge panel ruled against her, but she has appealed. She has noted that the issue is bigger than just her case and could effect the retirement and pension rights who were appointed under the previous constitution. Rawal, who moved from India to Kenya in 1973, assisted the International Criminal Court’s investigation of Kenya’s post-election violence in 2007-2008. She also led the probe of a 2012 helicopter crash that killed Kenya’s security minister."
65,story-category-code,2
65,story-priority,49
65,story-region-codes,3; 6; 4
65,story-country-1-code,KEN
65,story-country-1-name,Kenya
65,story-country-2-code,IND
65,story-country-2-name,India
65,story-country-3-code,GBR
65,story-country-3-name,United Kingdom
65,story-document-1-title,Certificate of Incumbency
65,story-document-2-title,Passport of Kalpana Rawal
65,story-document-3-title,Passport of Hasmukhrai Rawal
65,story-document-4-title,Resignation as directors
65,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2781654-Rawal-Kalpanadoc4.html
65,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778678-Rawal-Kalpanadoc1.html
65,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778679-Rawal-Kalpanadoc2.html
65,story-document-4-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778680-Rawal-Kalpanadoc3.html
65,data-person-1-name,Kalpana Rawal
65,data-person-1-description-if-politician,"Deputy Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Kenya (2013-present); Judge, Court of Appeals (2012-2013)"
65,data-person-1-relationship,
65,data-person-1-image,K_Rawal.png
65,data-person-1-viz-publish,e348a351
65,data-person-1-comment,"Rawal said she has not been involved with the family businesses except for generally knowing they were involved in real estate. She was listed as director on two of them without her knowledge by her husband when he was told two directors were required, she said. The first one never did any transactions and is dormant. The second one acquired a property. ""My family members include my two adult sons residing in London, both of whom are British subjects and run the business as per the laws applicable in U.K."" She said has never had ""any involvement direct or indirect and have no interest or control"" in the other companies."
66,story-title,Iceland's minister of finance
66,story-subtitle,Bjarni Benediktsson
66,story-image-if-linked-person,
66,story-narrative,"Benediktsson and two Icelandic businessmen owned a Seychelles shell company called Falson & Co, which was purchased through the Luxembourg branch of the Icelandic bank Landsbanki in 2005. Falson issued bearer shares, which confer ownership to whomever holds the physical share certificates. Bearer shares are typically used to provide an extra layer of secrecy for the ownership of an asset. Falson was struck off the register of companies in 2010. “I have not had any assets in tax havens or anything like that,” Benediktsson told a television interviewer in 2015."
66,story-narrative-summary,He and partners owned Seychelles company during Iceland's banking crisis
66,story-biography,"Bjarni Benediktsson is Iceland’s Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs and has been a member of parliament since 2003. Benediktsson has led the Independence Party since 2009 and formed a coalition government with Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson and the Progressive Party after 2013 elections. He comes from a wealthy family and served as chairman of both N1, Iceland’s biggest oil firm and gasoline retailer, and its holding company, BNT, from 2005-2008. Benediktsson weathered a minor scandal in 2015 when it emerged that he had registered on the Ashley Madison cheating website for married men. His great uncle, also named Bjarni Benediktsson, was prime minister of Iceland from 1963 to 1970."
66,story-category-code,2
66,story-priority,43
66,story-region-codes,4
66,story-country-1-code,ISL
66,story-country-1-name,Iceland
66,story-document-1-title,Benediktsson granted power of attorney
66,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782977-Benediktsson-Bjarnidoc1r.html
66,data-person-1-name,Bjarni Benediktsson
66,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Iceland’s Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs (2013-present); Member of Parliament (2003-present); Chairman of the Independence Party (2009-present)
66,data-person-1-relationship,
66,data-person-1-image,B_Benediktsson.png
66,data-person-1-viz-publish,82279e1d
66,data-person-1-comment,"Benediktsson said Falson was created to hold four apartments in a building under construction in Dubai, which were sold at a loss in 2009. “I had no intention or need to hide ownership,” Benediktsson said. “I declared my ownership of the company to the tax authorities in Iceland.”"
67,story-title,Iceland's Interior Minister
67,story-subtitle,Ólöf Nordal
67,story-image-if-linked-person,
67,story-narrative,"Ólöf Nordal and her husband, Tómas Már Sigurdsson, a senior executive with American aluminum company Alcoa, controlled Dooley Securities SA when they obtained power of attorney privileges in November 2006. Shares in the company, registered in the British Virgin Islands, were held in the name of a Luxembourg unit of Landsbanki, one of the big Icelandic banks at the center of the country's financial crisis that began in 2008. In August 2007, Sigurdsson pledged Dooley’s shares in an agreement with Landsbanki, which collapsed a little more than a year later."
67,story-narrative-summary,"Created to hold proceeds of Sigurdsson’s stock options, according to Sigurdsson"
67,story-biography,"Ólöf Nordal is the interior minister of Iceland. A member of the Independence Party, she has served in the Cabinet since December 2014. She has been a member of parliament since 2007. Earlier in her career, Nordal – who has both law and business degrees – worked as an attorney for the Iceland Stock Exchange from 1999-2001 and taught law at at Bifröst University, where she also chaired the business law department. Her father, Jóhannesi Nordal, was governor of the Central Bank of Iceland from 1961-1993 and also its chairman from 1964 until his retirement in 1993."
67,story-category-code,2
67,story-priority,44
67,story-region-codes,4
67,story-country-1-code,ISL
67,story-country-1-name,Iceland
67,story-document-1-title,Nordal and husband granted power of attorney
67,story-document-2-title,"Escrow agreement involving Dooley Securities, Landsbanki and Tómas Már Sigurdsson"
67,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778649-Nordal-Olofdoc1.html
67,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782976-Nordal-Olofdoc2r.html
67,data-person-1-name,Ólöf Nordal
67,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Interior Minister of Iceland (2014–present); Member of parliament (2007-present)
67,data-person-1-relationship,
67,data-person-1-image,O_Nordal.png
67,data-person-1-viz-publish,3862aa16
67,data-person-1-comment,"Nordal's husband Sigurdsson said the company was created to hold proceeds from his Alcoa stock options, but they were never exercised and no funds were transferred to the company. He said that neither he nor his wife were shareholders in Dooley Securities. ""We do not own and have never owned any offshore companies."""
68,story-title,Former Governor of Nigeria's Delta state
68,story-subtitle,James Ibori
68,story-image-if-linked-person,
68,story-narrative,"Mossack Fonseca was the registered agent of four offshore companies connected to James Ibori, including Julex Foundation, of which Ibori and family members were beneficiaries. Julex was the shareholder of Stanhope Investments, a company incorporated in Niue in 2003. Ibori was also connected to Financial Advisory Group Ltd. and Hunglevest Corporation, although Mossack Fonseca’s files do not specify the exact nature of his connection. In 2008, Mossack Fonseca received a request from the Seychelles government to produce documents as part of a probe by the Crown Prosecution Service, England's principal prosecuting authority, of Ibori and alleged criminal activities. In 2012, Ibori pleaded guilty in a London court to laundering and fraud charges. During court hearings in the United Kingdom, prosecutors claimed that Ibori opened a Swiss bank account in the name of Stanhope Investments through which millions of dollars were later channeled to ultimately buy a $20 million private jet."
68,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company figured in fraud and money laundering investigation
68,story-biography,"James Ibori, governor of Nigeria’s oil-rich Delta State from 1999 to 2007, pleaded guilty in a London court in 2012 to conspiracy to defraud and money laundering offenses. Ibori admitted using his position as governor to corruptly obtain and divert up to $75 million out of Nigeria through a network of offshore companies, although authorities alleged that the total amount he embezzled may have exceeded $250 million. Ibori, who received a 13-year prison sentence, used millions of dollars to support a lavish lifestyle that included six houses in London and a fleet of Range Rovers, Bentleys and Mercedes."
68,story-category-code,2
68,story-priority,59
68,story-region-codes,3
68,story-country-1-code,NGA
68,story-country-1-name,Nigeria
68,story-document-1-title,Seychelles writes Mossack Fonseca about investigation
68,story-document-2-title,Mossack Fonseca responds
68,story-document-3-title,Mossack Fonseca resigns as agent
68,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2779889-Ibori-Jamesdoc1.html
68,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2773982-Ibori-Jamesdoc2.html
68,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2773984-Ibori-Jamesdoc3.html
68,data-person-1-name,James Ibori
68,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Governor of Nigeria’s oil-rich Delta State (1999-2007)
68,data-person-1-relationship,
68,data-person-1-image,J_Ibori.png
68,data-person-1-viz-publish,0a1122ef
68,data-person-1-comment,Ibori's representative did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
69,story-title,Brother in law of China President
69,story-subtitle,Deng Jiagui
69,story-image-if-linked-person,Jiagui_Story.png
69,story-narrative,"In 2004, Deng Jiagui, the brother-in-law of China’s current President Xi Jinping, acquired a company in the British Virgin Islands called Supreme Victory Enterprises Ltd and was the sole director and shareholder. The company was struck off the BVI registry in 2007. In September 2009, Deng became the sole director and shareholder of two additional British Virgin Islands-based “shelf companies” in Mossack Fonseca's inventory. The companies were called Best Effect Enterprises Ltd and Wealth Ming International Limited. Mossack Fonseca helped Deng obtain a “chop” – a carved metal or stone seal often used by Chinese businesses to validate documents in lieu of signatures – for Best Effect Enterprises. It is unclear what the two companies were used for. At the time, Xi Jinping was one of nine men on the all-powerful Politburo Standing Committee, the body that rules China. By the time Xi was named general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in 2012 and the country’s president in 2013, Deng’s two BVI companies were dormant."
69,story-narrative-summary,Offshore companies acquired as brother-in-law was rising in politics
69,story-biography,"Deng Jiagui, who has made a fortune in real estate development, became “Red Nobility” in 1996 when he married Qi Qiaoqiao, the daughter of Xi Zhongxun, one of China's revolutionary heroes and a former top official. Qi Qiaoqiao’s younger brother is Xi Jinping, who is president of China and head of China’s Communist Party. An investigative report by Bloomberg News in 2012 revealed that Deng and his wife had hundreds of millions of dollars in real estate, share holdings and other assets."
69,story-category-code,1
69,story-priority,14
69,story-region-codes,6
69,story-country-1-code,CHN
69,story-country-1-name,China
69,story-document-1-title,"Register of members and directors, Best Effect Enterprises Ltd."
69,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2781598-Jiagui-Dengdoc1.html
69,story-corrections,
69,story-updates,"Updated on April 5, 2016. An additional company connected to Deng Jiagui has been found and added to The Power Players."
69,data-person-1-name,Deng Jiagui
69,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
69,data-person-1-relationship,Brother in law
69,data-person-1-image,D_Jiagui.png
69,data-person-1-viz-publish,48c64e26
69,data-person-1-comment,Deng did not respond to a request for comment.
69,linked-person-name,Xi Jinping
69,linked-person-description,Head of China’s Communist Party (2012-present); President of China (2013-present)
69,linked-person-image,X_Jinping.png
69,linked-person-association,R
69,linked-person-association-text,Deng Jiagui
70,story-title,Grandchild of high-ranking Chinese Communist official
70,story-subtitle,Jasmine Li
70,story-image-if-linked-person,Li_Story.png
70,story-narrative,"When Jasmine Li was still a teenager and studying at Stanford University, she became the sole shareholder of Harvest Sun Trading Limited, a company that was incorporated in the British Virgin Islands in 2009. Harvest Sun was transferred for $1 to Jasmine Li by Zhang Yuping, the founder of China’s leading luxury watch distributor Hengdeli Holdings Limited, in December 2010. Jasmine Li was also the sole shareholder of another BVI company called Xin Sheng Investments. Harvest Sun and Xin Sheng are the parent companies of two Beijing-registered consulting companies. Because Jasmine Li owned the two Beijing companies through her BVI entities, her name does not appear on publicly available registration documents, allowing her ownership of those companies to remain secret."
70,story-narrative-summary,Received her first offshore company as a teenager
70,story-biography,"Jasmine Li became famous in China after she was photographed attending a debutante ball in Paris in 2009 with other wealthy and politically connected young female friends. Li attended boarding school in the United States and completed a bachelor’s degree at Stanford University in California. After leaving the university, Li began working in the art world as an assistant for the New York-based Chinese artist Cai Guoqiang and later as an “gallery relations liason” for the online art retailer Artsy in New York and Hong Kong. Her grandfather, Jia Qinglin, was China's fourth-ranking official on the ruling Politburo Standing Committee until he stepped down in 2012."
70,story-category-code,3
70,story-priority,64
70,story-region-codes,6
70,story-country-1-code,CHN
70,story-country-1-name,China
70,story-document-1-title,Company transferred to Li for $1
70,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2781597-Li-Jasminedoc1.html
70,data-person-1-name,Jasmine Li
70,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
70,data-person-1-relationship,Granddaughter
70,data-person-1-image,J_Li.png
70,data-person-1-viz-publish,eb5825a3
70,data-person-1-comment,Li did not reply to requests for comments.
70,linked-person-name,Jia Qinglin
70,linked-person-description,China’s fourth-ranking official in the Communist Party (2002-2012)
70,linked-person-image,J_Qinglin.png
70,linked-person-association,R
70,linked-person-association-text,Jasmine Li
71,story-title,Former Warsaw mayor; former member EU parliament
71,story-subtitle,Paweł Piskorski
71,story-image-if-linked-person,
71,story-narrative,"In 2012 Paweł Piskorski acquired a Panamanian company, Stardale Management Inc, to ""buy bonds of a Singapore company."" In 2013 he tried to open a bank account with FPB Bank in Panama. Asked for a letter of reference from a bank, Piskorski provided one from UBS in Zürich. The Polish company that handled Piskorski's affairs explained that asking a Polish bank for such a letter ""might be a problem, since the bank in Poland will know that the Client is opening the account in Panama."" FPB Bank identified Piskorski as a Politically Exposed Person and requested information about his agricultural business, including his assets and clients. In April 2014 Stardale Management's board of directors tried to open an account with Eurobank Cyprus Ltd. A year later the company was dissolved. There is no evidence in the data that bank accounts were actually ever opened."
71,story-narrative-summary,Later acquitted but able to open offshore firm when facing charges in Poland of using a false document
71,story-biography,"Paweł Piskorski was the mayor of Warsaw from early 1999 until Jan. 14, 2002, and a member of the European Parliament from 2004 to 2009. He ran into trouble in 2005 when published reports said that he and his wife had purchased 790 acres of land for an amount that exceeded the value of assets he declared as a member of the European Parliament. He said the money was a combination of his and his wife’s savings, credit and the proceeds from the sale of real estate. The report damaged his reputation and forced him to leave his party but resulted in no prosecution. In 2009, his reputation suffered again when it was reported he told tax authorities that his income was from casino winnings and art deals. In 2010, he was charged with forging a contract with an antiques dealer. He pleaded not guilty and was acquitted in Sept. 2015."
71,story-category-code,2
71,story-priority,50
71,story-region-codes,4
71,story-country-1-code,POL
71,story-country-1-name,Poland
71,story-document-1-title,Share certificate of sole shareholder
71,story-document-2-title,Indemnity agreement
71,story-document-3-title,
71,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2773246-Piskorski-Paweldoc1.html
71,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2773250-Piskorski-Paweldoc3.html
71,story-document-3-url,
71,data-person-1-name,Paweł Piskorski
71,data-person-1-description-if-politician,President of the Polish political party Alliance of Democrats (Stronnictwo Demokratyczne) (2009-present); Member of the European Parliament (2004-2009)
71,data-person-1-relationship,
71,data-person-1-image,P_Piskorski.png
71,data-person-1-viz-publish,034793d9
71,data-person-1-comment,"Piskorski said he planned to use Stardale Management Inc. for a business project he later abandoned. The company was never active and had ""no civil law contracts, no trade or financial activities, no financial transfers."" He also said that he didn't open a bank account at either FPB Bank in Panama or Eurobank Cyprus Ltd. and that the company had been liquidated. ""If one fulfills all legal standards and is not using it for illegal business, I see nothing wrong in creating a company in such a countries like Panama,"" he wrote."
72,story-title,Childhood friends of Russian President Putin
72,story-subtitle,Arkady and Boris Rotenberg
72,story-image-if-linked-person,Rotenberg_Story.png
72,story-narrative,"Arkady and Boris Rotenberg were owners of at least seven companies registered in the British Virgin Islands, six with the help of Markom Management, a company that stayed in touch with Mossack Fonseca on behalf of the Rotenbergs. Arkady Rotenberg was connected to four of the companies and Boris Rotenberg to three of them . The companies often acted as interlocking shareholders alongside Markom, which was formerly SP Management. The firms were involved in everything from investing in a major pipeline construction company (through Causeway Consulting from Arkady Rotenberg) to buying equipment for the construction of an Italian villa in Tuscany for Arkady’s son Igor Rotenberg (through Highland Ventures Group from Boris Rotenberg). Arkady Rotenberg was also the owner of Honeycomb Holdings Ltd., according to the financial database Orbis . By summer 2015, Markom began to redomicile most of the Rotenbergs’ companies in Cyprus."
72,story-narrative-summary,Offshore companies' investments included a pipeline company and helping build an Italian villa for Arkady's son
72,story-biography,"Billionaire brothers Arkady and Boris Rotenberg had the incredible good fortune of being childhood friends of Russian President Vladimir Putin. As teenagers, they bonded with Putin over Sambo, a Russian martial art, and judo. Arkady Rotenberg has insisted that they don’t get preferential treatment from Putin, but during his tenure as Russian leader the brothers have amassed a multibillion dollar fortune in part through lucrative contracts with state and state-owned companies . In March 2014, they were placed under U.S. sanctions for providing support to, and benefiting from, “Putin’s pet projects” including “approximately $7 billion in contracts for the Sochi Olympic Games.”"
72,story-category-code,1
72,story-priority,16
72,story-region-codes,4
72,story-country-1-code,RUS
72,story-country-1-name,Russian Federation
72,story-country-2-code,FIN
72,story-country-2-name,Finland
72,story-country-3-code,CHE
72,story-country-3-name,Switzerland
72,story-document-1-title,List of Markom companies including Causeway
72,story-document-2-title,
72,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782970-Rotenberg-Brothersdoc1.html
72,story-document-2-url,
72,data-person-1-name,Arkady Rotenberg
72,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
72,data-person-1-relationship,Associate
72,data-person-1-image,A_Rotenberg.png
72,data-person-1-viz-publish,333c624f
72,data-person-1-comment,Arkady and Boris Rotenberg did not respond to a request for comment.
72,data-person-2-name,Boris Rotenberg
72,data-person-2-description-if-politician,
72,data-person-2-relationship,Associate
72,data-person-2-image,B_Rotenberg.png
72,data-person-2-viz-publish,4ad04c39
72,data-person-2-comment,
72,linked-person-name,Vladimir Putin
72,linked-person-description,President of Russia (2000–2008) (2012-present); Prime Minister of Russia (2008-2012)
72,linked-person-image,V_Putin.png
72,linked-person-association,A
72,linked-person-association-text,Arkady and Boris Rotenberg
73,story-title,Son of Malaysia's prime minister
73,story-subtitle,Mohd Nazifuddin bin Mohd Najib
73,story-image-if-linked-person,Nazifuddin_Story.png
73,story-narrative,"In 2009 Nazifuddin became one of the two directors of Jay Marriot International Ltd., which Mossack Fonseca registered in the British Virgin Islands. The other director was Ch'ng Soon Sen, then executive director of Malaysia Pacific Corp., a major property developer, and now its CEO. In 2012, together with Megat Daniff Shahriman bin Zaharudin, a business developer, Nazifuddin became a director of PCJ International Venture Limited, also registered by Mossack Fonseca in the BVI. Megat is the financial adviser of a nongovernmental organization headed by Nazifuddin, Youth on Unity, that aims to help Malaysia's underprivileged children. PCJ International Venture Limited was inactivated in 2013 ."
73,story-narrative-summary,Two offshore companies created while his father was in power
73,story-biography,"Mohd Nazifuddin bin Mohd Najib is a son of Malaysia’s Prime Minister Najib Abdul Razak. He has invested in a vast range of Malaysian businesses in such sectors as technology, energy, finance, mass transit and paints and coatings. In 2015, Nazifuddin became vice president of the Olympic Council of Malaysia. The same year, he denied allegations that he had been involved in a Ponzi scheme relating to a digital currency in Thailand. Nazifuddin has publicly defended his father, who in January 2016 was cleared of wrongdoing in relation to the transfer of nearly $700 million into Razak’s personal accounts."
73,story-category-code,1
73,story-priority,24
73,story-region-codes,6
73,story-country-1-code,MYS
73,story-country-1-name,Malaysia
73,story-document-1-title,Consent to act as director of PCJ
73,story-document-2-title,Appointment of two directors of PCJ
73,story-document-3-title,Certificate of incumbency for PCJ
73,story-document-4-title,"Nazifuddin applies for 5,000 shares of PCJ"
73,story-document-5-title,"Directors' resolution shows Nazfuddin and Megat Daniff Shahriman bin Zaharudin with 5,000 shares each"
73,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778472-Nazifuddin-Mohddoc1.html
73,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778474-Nazifuddin-Mohddoc2.html
73,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782166-Nazifuddin-Mohddoc4.html
73,story-document-4-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778479-Nazifuddin-Mohddoc7.html
73,story-document-5-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778480-Nazifuddin-Mohddoc8.html
73,data-person-1-name,Mohd Nazifuddin bin Mohd Najib
73,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
73,data-person-1-relationship,Son
73,data-person-1-image,M_Nazifuddin.png
73,data-person-1-viz-publish,9ad4982b
73,data-person-1-comment,"Nazifuddin said that he used PCJ International Venture Limited ""for international business"" but that there were ""no business transactions,"" and the company was shut down. Ch'ng confirmed that he and Nazifuddin acquired Jay Marriot in 2009 but said there had been no business activity ""since formation."" He said that in 2011 Nazifuddin transferred his share to Ch'ng's sister and resigned as director."
73,linked-person-name,Najib Razak
73,linked-person-description,Prime Minister of Malaysia (2009-present); Deputy Prime Minister (2004-2009)
73,linked-person-image,N_Razak.png
73,linked-person-association,R
73,linked-person-association-text,Mohd Nazifuddin bin Mohd Najib
74,story-title,Associate of Cote d'Ivoire's former president
74,story-subtitle,Jean-Claude N’Da Ametchi
74,story-image-if-linked-person,Ametchi_Story.png
74,story-narrative,"Cadley House Ltd. was registered in the Seychelles in 2006. Although the company was at first held through so-called bearer shares, which do not list an offshore company’s owner, emails confirm that the firm belonged to N’Da Ametchi. The company’s purpose was described as “management of personal assets…[and] ownership of a bank account in the Principality of Monaco.” In one 2011 email from N’Da Ametchi to Mossack Fonseca’s Geneva office, the business executive discussed selling assets and the transfer of nearly $5,000. Although N’Da Ametchi’s financial managers told Mossack Fonseca in 2014 that “the beneficial owner of the company does not wish to maintain his company and wish to terminate it,” the company was still active in 2015. There is no indication from emails whether Mossack Fonseca was aware of the European sanctions."
74,story-narrative-summary,An offshore firm held assets for N'Da Ametchi and a bank account in Monaco
74,story-biography,"Jean-Claude N’Da Ametchi is a banking executive from the Ivory Coast. In April 2011, the European Union sanctioned N’Da Ametchi for allegedly helping to fund the “illegitimate administration” of former president Laurent Gbagbo. Gbagbo oversaw a civil conflict in which 3,000 people were killed when he refused to accept his defeat in the 2010 presidential elections. Gbagbo was arrested in April 2011 and is currently detained by the International Criminal Court on charges of crimes against humanity. Before Gbagbo’s arrest, his administration nationalized foreign bank subsidiaries that had closed during the political instability. Gbagbo appointed N’Da Ametchi as managing director of BICICI, the International Bank for Trade and Industry. N’Da Ametchi was removed from European sanctions in early 2012."
74,story-category-code,1
74,story-priority,28
74,story-region-codes,3
74,story-country-1-code,CIV
74,story-country-1-name,Côte d'Ivoire
74,story-document-1-title,Memorandum signed by N'Da Ametchi
74,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782169-Ametchi-Jean-Claudedoc1.html
74,data-person-1-name,Jean-Claude N’Da Ametchi
74,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
74,data-person-1-relationship,Associate
74,data-person-1-image,S_Man.png
74,data-person-1-viz-publish,e951c70a
74,data-person-1-comment,N'da Ametchi did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
74,linked-person-name,Laurent Gbagbo
74,linked-person-description,President of Côte d'Ivoire (2000-2011)
74,linked-person-image,L_Gbagbo.png
74,linked-person-association,A
74,linked-person-association-text,Jean-Claude N’Da Ametchi
75,story-title,Former member Hungarian Assembly
75,story-subtitle,Zsolt Horváth
75,story-image-if-linked-person,
75,story-narrative,"In October 2013, when he was still a member of the National Assembly, Zsolt Horváth became director of Excelle Media International Ltd., although Horváth's most recent declaration of financial interests to the Hungarian parliament, made in 2014, does not mention the offshore company. In September 2014, four months after he left politics, he became director of Mayer & Collins Trading Company Ltd. Hungarian businessman Imre Kökényesi is co-director of both companies,  which manufacture and sell toys in China, Hong Kong and Hungary, and are registered with Mossack Fonseca in the Seychelles. Company Registration & Business Services Limited, which works with Mossack Fonseca, manages the companies out of Hong Kong, and is also shareholder of Excelle. It contacted Mossack Fonseca in 2013 about opening a bank account with HSBC for Excelle. In March 2015, after Horváth had been out of politics for 10 months, Mossack Fonseca identified him as a politically exposed person."
75,story-narrative-summary,Acquired offshore firms before and after leaving Hungary's National Assembly
75,story-biography,"Zsolt Horváth was a member of Hungary’s National Assembly between June 1998 and May 2014 for the ruling Fidesz party. A physician and dentist, Horvath headed the Office of Social Policy of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán from February to May 2000. He was then parliamentary secretary for health from June 2000 to May 2001 and served on the National Assembly’s health committee."
75,story-category-code,2
75,story-priority,48
75,story-region-codes,4
75,story-country-1-code,HUN
75,story-country-1-name,Hungary
75,story-document-1-title,Horvath-signed resolution hiring Mossack Fonseca
75,story-document-2-title,Hovarth's passport
75,story-document-3-title,Horvath signs as director
75,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2773427-Horvath-Zsoltdoc1.html
75,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778621-Horvath-Zsoltdoc2.html
75,story-document-3-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2778623-Horvath-Zsoltdoc3.html
75,data-person-1-name,Zsolt Horváth
75,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Member of Hungary’s National Assembly (1998-2014)
75,data-person-1-relationship,
75,data-person-1-image,Z_Horvath.png
75,data-person-1-viz-publish,08cc5165
75,data-person-1-comment,Horvath did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
76,story-title,Business partner of Chinese politician's wife
76,story-subtitle,Patrick Henri Devillers
76,story-image-if-linked-person,Devillers_Story.png
76,story-narrative,"In September 2000, Devillers helped Gu Kailai, the wife of a high-ranking Chinese Communist Party official, incorporate Russell Properties S.A. in the British Virgin Islands. Court records show that Devillers held shares in the company on behalf of Gu and that the offshore company was used to secretly purchase a villa in the south of France. The $3.2 million used to purchase the villa was a bribe from a Chinese businessman for whom Gu’s husband had helped secure several business deals. Gu testified at her husband’s corruption trial that she wanted to keep the property secret in order to avoid tax but also because owning a luxury overseas property could have threatened her husband’s career. Her husband, Bo Xilai, was a rising political star and had been expected to ascend to the all-powerful Politburo Standing Committee in 2013. But in November 2011, Gu poisoned and killed an English acquaintance, sparking an investigation that ended with both her and her husband imprisoned for life. Before the murder, Russell Properties had been held by proxies in the offshore jurisdiction of Jersey. After the murder, Devillers became the sole director and shareholder of the company."
76,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company purchase of luxury villa in France figured in power couple's downfall
76,story-biography,"French architect Patrick Henri Devillers was a business partner of Gu Kailai, the wife of former high-flying Chinese politician Bo Xilai. Devillers met the Gu when her husband was a Communist Party official in charge of the industrial port town of Dalian in far northeastern China. Devillers and Gu were co-directors of Adad Limited, a company registered in the United Kingdom, but Devillers also helped Gu set up a secret offshore company that was used to purchase a luxury villa in the south of France. Devillers was detained in June 2012 at his home in Cambodia at Beijing's request and spent several weeks in custody in China before being released. His testimony was used in the 2013 corruption trial of Bo Xilai."
76,story-category-code,3
76,story-priority,73
76,story-region-codes,6; 4
76,story-country-1-code,CHN
76,story-country-1-name,China
76,story-country-2-code,FRA
76,story-country-2-name,France
76,story-document-1-title,Devillers agreed to act as director of Russell Properties
76,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2782936-Devillers-Patrickdoc1.html
76,data-person-1-name,Patrick Henri Devillers
76,data-person-1-description-if-politician,
76,data-person-1-relationship,Associate
76,data-person-1-image,P_Devillers.png
76,data-person-1-viz-publish,1544b723
76,data-person-1-comment,Devillers did not respond to requests for comments.
76,linked-person-name,Bo Xilai
76,linked-person-description,Member of the Central Politburo and secretary of the Communist Party's Chongqing branch (2007-2012); Minister of Commerce (2004-2007)
76,linked-person-image,B_Xilai.png
76,linked-person-association,A
76,linked-person-association-text,Patrick Henri Devillers
X,title,Panama Papers
X,subtitle,The Power Players
X,category-0-title,Country leaders
X,category-1-title,Relatives/associates of country leaders
X,category-2-title,Politicians/public officials
X,category-3-title,Relatives/associates of politicians/public officials
X,related-countries,Related countries
X,related-documents,Related documents
X,narrative-title,Inside the Mossack Fonseca data
X,comment-title,Response
X,viz-title,Explore the data
X,story-title,Read the story
X,relatives-title,Relatives in the data
X,associates-title,Associates in the data
X,pep-text,Politically Exposed Person
X,pep-abbreviation,PEP
X,database-link,View entire database
X,facebook,Share on Facebook
X,twitter,Share on Twitter
X,tweet-1,Offshore Power Players: See how
X,tweet-2,is linked to
X,tweet-2-associates,'s associates are linked to
X,tweet-2-relatives,'s relatives are linked to
X,tweet-3,the #panamapapers
X,close,close
X,prev,Prev
X,next,Next
X,filters,Filters
X,language,Language
X,read-more,Read more
X,multi-viz-title,View
X,previous-profile,Previous profile
X,next-profile,Next profile
X,view,View
X,country,Country
X,region,Region
X,default-region-filter,Default region filter
X,all-countries,All countries
X,all-regions,All regions
X,all,All
X,region1,North America
X,region2,Latin America & the Caribbean
X,region3,Africa
X,region4,Europe
X,region5,Middle East
X,region6,Asia
X,region7,Oceania
X,region-all,All
X,credits,Credits
X,credits-text,"<td colspan=""1""><p class=""p1""><span class=""s1"">Research Editor: Emilia Díaz-Struck</span></p><p class=""p1""><span class=""s1"">Data Editor: Mar Cabra</span></p><p class=""p1""><span style=""line-height: 1.42857;"">Editors: Martha M. Hamilton and Marina Walker Guevara</span></p><p class=""p1""><span style=""line-height: 1.42857;"">Reporters: Delphine Reuter, Marcos García-Rey, Will Fitzgibbon, Richard Sia, Alexa Olesen, Ryan Chittum, Jake Bernstein</span></p><p class=""p1""><span class=""s1"">Researcher: Mago Torres</span></p><p class=""p1""><span class=""s1"">Fact-checkers: Richard Sia and Peter Smith</span></p><p class=""p1""><span style=""line-height: 1.42857;"">Interactive designed and built at kiln.digital</span></p><p class=""p1"">Illustator: Jesús Pérez</p><p class=""p1"">Translations provided by Le Monde (French), El Confidencial / laSexta (Spanish), O Estado (Portuguese) and Tamedia (German).</p></td>"
X,about,<td>About</td>
X,glossary,Glossary
X,about-intro,"<td>This interactive produced by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) explores the stories behind the use of offshore companies of politicians and their relatives and associates — more than 100 in all. Among them are 12 current or former country leaders and more than 30 other politicians and public officials with direct connections to structures in tax havens. Their names appeared inside a cache of 11.5 million leaked files from Panama's Mossack Fonseca, one of the biggest offshore service providers. ICIJ and Süddeutsche Zeitung led a global investigation to unveil their secrets, publishing the first stories from ""The Panama Papers"" on April 3, 2016.</td>"
X,about-blurb,"<td><p>ICIJ sifted through thousands of emails, documents and images to find names that were in the public interest. The year-long investigation unveiled connections to companies in many different tax havens, their uses and their real owners, whose identities were sometimes hidden behind layers of secrecy. The investigation found more than 140 politicians and public officials connected to 55 countries. The names displayed in this interactive are a selection of the most relevant cases. All of them include political figures or people close enough to political figures that they should have triggered extra scrutiny. There are legitimate uses for offshore companies, and we do not intend to suggest or imply that any individuals or entities included in the interactive were in violation of the law.</p><p><br/>The production of the profiles was complex and took several months. We combined a deep exploration of the Mossack Fonseca documents with research in worldwide public records such as company records, property records and assets declarations, among others. Purchasing real estate and yachts, holding bank accounts and keeping personal finances private were among the most common uses given for offshore companies. ICIJ reached out to all those in the interactive to give them a chance to comment. The answers we received are included in the profiles.</p><p><br/>Mossack Fonseca told ICIJ that it conducts periodic follow-ups in the case of politically-exposed figures to assure that no negative results are found. The company said that for 40 years it has operated beyond reproach in its home country and in other jurisdictions where it has operations. ""Our firm has never been accused or charged in connection with criminal wrongdoing"", said a Mossack Fonseca public relations officer.</p><p><br/>The Power Players is published in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese and German. ICIJ media partners been allowed to select profiles they believe are of interest to their audiences which may result in similar interactives with fewer profiles. The information in the interactive is current as of April 3, 2016 and the offshore data up to December 2015. ICIJ will release the full list of companies and people in the Panama Paper files in early May.</p><p><br/>For questions and tips connected to this interactive contact <a class=""external-link"" href=""mailto:data@icij.org"" rel=""nofollow"">data@icij.org</a></p></td>"
X,glossary-term-1,"Ultimate beneficial owner, beneficial owner, beneficiary"
X,glossary-definition-1,"The person who is the true owner of a company and/or a bank account. In the offshore world, the identity of beneficial owners is often kept secret."
X,glossary-term-2,Nominee directors
X,glossary-definition-2,Stand-ins who control a company on paper but exercise no real authority over its activities.
X,glossary-term-3,Nominee shareholder
X,glossary-definition-3,A person who is listed as a shareholder on a company’s documents but has no real power over the company or claim to its assets. This is common practice in offshore financial structures to hide the identity of the real owner.
X,glossary-term-4,Intermediary
X,glossary-definition-4,A go-between for someone seeking an offshore corporation and an offshore service provider -- usually a law-firm or a middleman that asks an offshore service provider to create an offshore firm for a client.
X,glossary-term-5,Power of attorney
X,glossary-definition-5,"Authorization given to a person to represent the offshore company. It can confer rights that include managing the company without any limitation, carrying out contracts, purchasing products and borrowing or lending money. Each authorization notes which powers are granted to the person who will act on behalf of the company and whether they are general or specific."
X,glossary-term-6,Bearer shares
X,glossary-definition-6,Whoever physically holds a certificate of shares is considered the owner of the shares. Bearer shares provide one of the deepest levels of secrecy. Many countries have banned bearer shares because they are considered a facilitator of tax evasion and money laundering.
X,glossary-term-7,Share certificate
X,glossary-definition-7,"A document that certifies that a person is the shareholder or has a specific number of shares of a company. If the certificate is issued to “the bearer,” rather than in an individual or entity's name, it is a bearer share certificate."
X,glossary-term-8,Share register
X,glossary-definition-8,"A document that lists the shareholders of a company, whether individuals, companies or the bearer."
X,glossary-term-9,Registered agent
X,glossary-definition-9,"Registered agents provide an address to the offshore company as its legal address. Registered agents incorporate offshore companies incorporation and may provide other management services, such as filing possible amendments and annual renewal and forwarding legal documents."
X,glossary-term-10,Due Diligence
X,glossary-definition-10,"Banks and other financial institutions are required to know who is behind an account. This includes asking for identity documents, verifying addresses and researching clients’ backgrounds to identify risks associated with the client or their business activities."
X,glossary-term-11,Source of funds
X,glossary-definition-11,The origin of the funds declared by the person who is creating the offshore company.
X,glossary-term-12,Politically Exposed Person
X,glossary-definition-12,"In financial regulation, someone who has been entrusted with a prominent public function (such as an elected official), or a relative or known associate of that person."
X,glossary-term-13,Jurisdiction
X,glossary-definition-13,The country where the company is registered.
X,glossary-term-14,Panama Private Foundation
X,glossary-definition-14,A legal entity that operates like a company but guarantees more secrecy. Foundations are not subject to any form of taxation in Panama. Beneficiaries do not need to be disclosed and there is no requirement to file financial reports.
X,embed,Embed
X,embed-intro,Copy/paste the code below to embed the interactive into your website:
X,current-view,Current view
X,index-page,Index page
X,advanced-options,Developer options
X,embed-profile-by-id,Embed profile by ID
X,hide-profiles-by-id,Hide profiles by ID
X,profile-ids,Profile IDs
X,themes,Themes
X,embed-description,The iframe embed can be customised by manipulating the hash & query string parameters.
X,theme-description,"The interactive has been designed to be easily themable. For partners interested in hosting their own custom version please <a href=""mailto:data@icij.org"">Request access</a> to our Github repository to generate your own theme."
X,legal-title,Legal
X,legal-link-text,There are legitimate uses for offshore companies.
X,legal-read-more,Read more
X,legal-disclaimer,"There are legitimate uses for offshore companies, foundations and trusts. We do not intend to suggest or imply that any persons, companies or other entities included in the ICIJ Power Players interactive application have broken the law or otherwise acted improperly. If you find an error in the database please get in touch with us"
X,legal-disclaimer2,"The information on this profile is current as of April 3, 2016 and the offshore data up to December 2015."
X,glossary-link,Offshore glossary
X,widget-read-more,Explore the offshore network
X,intro1,Hidden in 11.5 million secret files
X,intro2,140 politicians from more than 50 countries
X,intro3,connected to offshore companies in 21 tax havens
X,intro4,"heads of state, their associates, ministers, elected officials."
X,intro5,Explore dozens of stories in this interactive
X,intro6a,to see
X,intro6b,"who did what, and how"
X,corrections-title,Correction
X,updates-title,Update
ID,Kiln Name,EN
77,story-title,Former prime minister of Mongolia
77,story-subtitle,Sükhbaataryn Batbold
77,story-image-if-linked-person,
77,story-narrative,"In November 2003 -- when he was deputy foreign minister -- Batbold became a shareholder of Batu Mining Limited, an offshore company created in the British Virgin Islands, according to documents. Batu Mining Limited was the owner of Batu Mining Mongolia LLC, a company with a wide array of international investors that has held copper and gold exploration licenses in Mongolia. In December 2005, Batbold, then minister for trade and industry, transferred his shares in the BVI company to Ever Legend Engineering Limited, a company based in Hong Kong."
77,story-narrative-summary,Offshore company with interests in a mining company in Mongolia
77,story-biography,"Sükhbaataryn Batbold was prime minister of Mongolia from 2009 to 2012 and is currently a member of the Mongolian parliament. An executive in a wide array of telecommunications, trading and hotel companies before entering politics, Batbold was first appointed as deputy minister of foreign affairs in 2000. Between 2000 and 2009, when he became prime minister, Batbold served as a member of parliament, trade minister and foreign minister."
77,story-category-code,0
77,story-priority,13
77,story-region-codes,6
77,story-country-1-code,MNG
77,story-country-1-name,Mongolia
77,story-document-1-title,List of inactive shareholders
77,story-document-2-title,Share details
77,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3534419-Inactive-Shareholders-Batu-Mining.html
77,story-document-2-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3534421-Shares-Value-Batu-Mining.html
77,data-person-1-name,Sükhbaataryn Batbold
77,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Prime Minister of Mongolia (2009–2012)
77,data-person-1-relationship,
77,data-person-1-image,Batbold.png
77,data-person-1-viz-publish,a5b9ad9c
77,data-person-1-comment,"A representative of Batbold told ICIJ that Batbold invested in Batu Mining Mongolia LCC when “its BVI-registered head company was not yet registered in Mongolia (i.e. it did not have legal presence in the Mongolian jurisdiction). Therefore, Mongolian investors had to invest in the Mongolian company…The BVI head company was only registered in Mongolia in February 2004 (although the BVI company’s incorporation began late 2003), whereas the Mongolian Company was incorporated in the 3rd quarter of 2003, i.e. a couple of months before the formation of the BVI head company. His shareholding in the Company was always transparent.” “The choice of a BVI parent vehicle was the pre-condition of the foreign investors to invest in Mongolia,” said the representative. “This was not, and is not, a breach of any Mongolian law.” “It was legal then, as it is now for public officials to invest and own shares, with no restrictions… Mr. Batbold's business was created in the early 1990's many years before entering any public office. Since then business was conducted according to our local laws and by hired professionals.” “The project in question, as with all other Government registered and permitted offshore-headed projects, brought capital into Mongolia to create jobs and revenue,” the representative said.<br/><br/>Profile added on April 3, 2017"
78,story-title,Australia’s prime minister
78,story-subtitle,Malcolm Turnbull
78,story-image-if-linked-person,
78,story-narrative,"Turnbull was listed as a director of Star Technology Systems Limited, a British Virgin Islands company, in December 1993. The company, set up by Mossack Fonseca, was a subsidiary of Star Mining Corporation NL, an Australian-listed company of which Turnbull was a board member. Star Mining had planned to develop a Siberian gold mine as part of a joint venture, which later collapsed. Turnbull resigned as director of the BVI company in September 1995. One former director of Star Mining alleged that another director, now deceased, had paid Russian officials millions of dollars in bribes to secure Star Mining’s mining rights."
78,story-narrative-summary,Director of an offshore firm with interests in a company that planned to operate a mine in Russia
78,story-biography,"Malcolm Bligh Turnbull, a former journalist who made a fortune as a lawyer and merchant banker, entered politics in 2004. Before becoming Prime Minister in September 2015, Turnbull held several ministerial positions and led Australia’s opposition party between September 2008 and December 2009."
78,story-category-code,0
78,story-priority,14
78,story-region-codes,7
78,story-country-1-code,AUS
78,story-country-1-name,Australia
78,story-document-1-title,Register of Directors
78,story-document-1-url,https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3534424-Register-of-Directors-Malcolm-Turnbull.html
78,data-person-1-name,Malcolm Turnbull
78,data-person-1-description-if-politician,Prime Minister of Australia (2015 - present)
78,data-person-1-relationship,
78,data-person-1-image,Turnbull.png
78,data-person-1-viz-publish,0f299505
78,data-person-1-comment,"When questioned by the Australian Financial Review in May 2016 about his role in the company, Turnbull told reporters that there had been “no suggestion of any impropriety whatsoever.” AFR reported that a spokesman said Turnbull was not aware that the company had been administered by Mossack Fonseca or of any donations or payments made by the company to Russian political parties or politicians before or during his time as director.<br/><br/>Profile added on April 3, 2017"